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chapter4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aerosol | a pressurized container with propellant used to administer a drug through oral inhalation into the lungs |
| aromatic water | a solution of water containing oils or other substances that have a pungent, and usually pleasing, smell and are easily released into the air |
| buccal route of administration | a transmucosal route of administration in which a drug is placed between the gum and the inner lining of the cheek |
| cannula | the barrel of a syringe or bore area inside the syringe that correlates with the volume of solution |
| caplet | a hybrid solid dosage formulation sharing characteristics of both a tablet and a capsule |
| capsule | the dosage form containing powder, liquid, or granules in a gelatin covering |
| chewable tablet | a solid oral dosage form meant to be chewed that is readily absorbed; commonly prescribed for school-age children |
| colloid | the dispersion of ultrafine particles in a liquid formulation |
| conjunctival route of administration | the placement of sterile ophthalmic medications in the conjunctival sac of the eye(s) |
| controlled-release (CR) dosage form | a dosage form that is formulated to release medication over a long duration |
| cream | a cosmetically acceptable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion for topical use on the skin |
| delayed-release (DR) formulation | a dosage form, such as an enteric-coated aspirin tablet, that contains a special coating designed to delay absorption of the medication and to resist breakdown by acidic gastric fluids |
| diluent | an inactive ingredient that allows for the appropriate concentration of the medication in the tablet or capsule; also used to reconstitute parenteral products |
| discus | a device that contains nonaerosolized powder that is used for inhalation |
| dispersion | a liquid dosage form in which undissolved ingredients are mixed throughout a liquid vehicle |
| dosage form | the physical manifestation of a drug for example, capsule or a tablet |
| dropper | a device used to accurately measure medication dosage for infants |
| drug delivery system | a design feature of the dosage form that affects the delivery of the drug; such a system may protect the stomach or delay the release of the active drug |
| effervescent salts | granular salts that release gas and dispense active ingredients into solution when placed in water |
| elixir | a clear, sweetened, flavored solution containing water and ethanol |
| embolism | a blockage of a blood vessel from a blood clot or inadvertent injection of an air bubble |
| emulsion | the dispersion of a liquid in another liquid varying in viscosity |
| enema | a solution, such as a Fleets enema, to be administered into the rectum to evacuate colon contents |
| enteric-coated tablet (ECT) | a tablet coating designed to resist destruction by the acidic pH of the gastric fluids and to delay the release of the active ingredient |
| extended-release (XL) formulation | a tablet or capsule designed to reduce frequency of dosing compared with immediate-release and most sustained-release formulations |
| extract | a potent dosage form derived from animal or plant sources from which most or all the solvent has been evaporated to produce a powder, an ointment-like form, or a solid |
| film-coated tablet (FCT) | a tablet coated with a thin outer layer that prevents serious GI side effects |
| fluidextract | a liquid dosage form prepared by extraction from plant sources and commonly used in the formulation of syrups |
| gel | a dispersion containing fine particles for topical use on the skin |
| glycerogelatin | a topical preparation made with gelatin, glycerin, water, and medicinal substances |
| granules | a dosage form larger than powders that are formed by adding very small amounts of liquid to powders |
| inhalation route of administration | the administration of a drug by inhalation into the lungs; also called intrarespiratory route of administration |
| injection | the administration of a parenteral medication into the bloodstream, muscle, or skin |
| insulin pen | a portable device in which the dose of insulin can be easily dialed up prior to administration |
| intranasal route of administration | the placement of sprays or solutions into the nose |
| intrauterine device (IUD) | a device that delivers medication to prevent conception |
| intravenous (IV) infusion | the process of injecting fluid or medication into the veins, usually over a prolonged period of time |
| irrigating solution | any solution used for cleansing or bathing an area of the body, such as the eyes or ears |
| IV bolus injection | an injection in which a drug is administered intravenously all at once |
| IV infusion | an infusion in which a drug is administered intravenously slowly over a given period |
| jelly | a gel that contains a higher proportion of water in combination with a drug substance, as well as a thickening agent |
| liniment | a medicated topical preparation, such as Ben Gay, that is applied to the skin |
| liquid | any free-flowing fluid that is commonly used to dissolve solids |
| localized effect | the site-specific application of a drug |
| lotion | a liquid for topical application that contains insoluble dispersed solids or immiscible liquids |
| lozenge | a medication in a sweet-tasting formulation that is absorbed in the mouth; also known as a troche |
| magma | a milk like liquid colloidal dispersion, such as milk of magnesia, in which particles remain distinct, in a two-phase system |
| metered-dose inhaler (MDI) | a device used to administer a drug in the form of compressed gas through the mouth and into the lungs |
| micro emulsion | a clear formulation that contains one liquid of extremely fine size droplets dispersed in another liquid; for example Haley's M-O |
| multiple compression tablet (MCT) | a tablet formulation on top of a tablet or a tablet within a tablet, produced by multiple compressions in manufacturing |
| nebulizer | a device used to deliver medication in a fine-mist form to the lungs; often used in treating asthma |
| needle | a thin, hollow transfer device used with a syringe to inject drugs into the body or withdraw fluids such as blood from the body |
| ocular route of administration | the placement of sterile ophthalmic medications into the eye |
| oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion | an emulsion containing a small amount of oil dispersed in water, as in a cream |
| ointment | a semisolid emulsion for topical use on the skin |
| oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) | a solid oral dosage form designed to dissolve quickly on the tongue for oral absorption and ease of administration without water |
| oral route of administration | the administration of medication through swallowing for absorption along the GI tract into systemic circulation |
| oral syringe | a needle less device for administering medication to pediatric or older adult patients unable to swallow tablets or capsules |
| osmotic pressure system | a drug delivery system in which the drug is slowly “pushed out” into the bloodstream |
| otic route of administration | the placement of solutions or suspensions into the ear |
| parenteral route of administration | the injection or infusion of fluids and/or medications into the body, bypassing the GI tract |
| parenteral solution | a product that is prepared in a sterile environment for administration by injection |
| paste | a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion containing more solid material than an ointment |
| patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) infusion device | a device controlled by a patient to deliver small doses of medication for chronic pain relief |
| pharmaceutics | the study of the release characteristics of various dosage forms or drug formulations |
| pharmacokinetics | the study of how drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream, circulated in tissues throughout the body, inactivated, and eliminated from the body |
| phlebitis | an inflammation of the vein from the administration of drugs |
| plaster | a solid or semisolid, medicated or non medicated preparation that adheres to the skin |
| powders | fine particles of medication used in tablets and capsules |
| pyrogen | a fever-producing by-product of microbial metabolism |
| rectal route of administration | the delivery of medication via the rectum |
| route of administration | a way of getting a drug onto or into the body, such as orally, topically, or parenterally |
| solute | an ingredient dissolved in a solution or dispersed in a suspension |
| solution | a liquid dosage form in which the active ingredients are completely dissolved in a liquid vehicle |
| solvent | the vehicle that makes up the greater part of a solution |
| spacer device | a device commonly prescribed for children and older adults to assist in the administration of drugs from MDIs; medication can be inhaled at will rather than through timed, coordinated breathing movements |
| spirit | an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution containing volatile, aromatic ingredients |
| spray | the dosage form that consists of a container with a valve assembly that, when activated, emits a fine dispersion of liquid, solid, or gaseous material |
| sublingual route of administration | oral administration in which a drug is placed under the tongue and is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream |
| sugar-coated tablet (SCT) | a tablet coated with an outside layer of sugar that protects the medication and improves both appearance and flavor |
| suppository | a solid formulation containing a drug for rectal or vaginal administration |
| suspension | the dispersion of a solid in a liquid |
| sustained-release (SR) formulation | a extended-release dosage form that allows less frequent dosing than an immediate-release dosage form |
| syringe | a device used to inject a parenteral solution into the bloodstream, muscle, or under the skin |
| syrup | an aqueous solution thickened with a large amount of sugar (generally sucrose) or a sugar substitute such as sorbitol or propylene glycol |
| systemic effect | the distribution of a drug throughout the body by absorption into the bloodstream |
| tablet | the solid dosage form produced by compression and containing one or more active and inactive ingredients |
| targeted drug delivery system | technology to deliver high concentrations of drugs to the diseased organ rather than expose the whole body to adverse side effects; commonly designed for cancer chemotherapy |
| tincture | an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of extractions from plants |
| topical route of administration | the administration of a drug on the skin or any mucous membrane such as the eyes, nose, ears, lungs, vagina, urethra, or rectum; usually administered directly to the surface of the skin |
| transdermal dosage form | a formulation designed to deliver a continuous supply of drug into the bloodstream by absorption through the skin via a patch or disk |
| transmucosal route of administration | the absorption of drugs across any mucous membrane of the body including the mouth, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, and urethra |
| urethral route of administration | the administration of a drug by insertion into the urethra |
| vaginal route of administration | the administration of a drug by application of a cream or insertion of a tablet into the vagina |
| viscosity | the thickness and flow characteristics of a fluid |
| water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion | an emulsion containing a small amount of water dispersed in an oil, such as an ointment |
| wax matrix system | a reservoir-controlled release drug delivery system utilizing osmotic pressure or an ion exchange resin |
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softcrylic
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