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Ch 8 and 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. |
Solvent | the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. |
Dissociation | process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
Dispersion | breaking into small pieces that spread throughout. |
Ionization | the condition of being dissociated into ions |
Acid | a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind. |
Indicator | a compound that changes color at a specific pH value or in the presence of a particular substance and can be used to monitor acidity, alkalinity, or the progress of a reaction. |
Base | a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions. |
Neutralization | reaction between an acid and base. |
Salt | any chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with all or part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a metal or other cation. |
pH | a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid, and higher values more alkaline. |
Buffer | solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
Electrolyte | substance that ionizes or dissociation into ions when it dissolves in water. |
Radioactivity | the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei. |
Radioisotope | a radioactive isotope. |
Nuclear radiation | process by which a nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting particles of ionizing radiation. |
Alpha Particle | a helium nucleus emitted by some radioactive substances, originally regarded as a ray. |
Beta particle | a fast-moving electron emitted by radioactive decay of substances. |
Gamma Ray | penetrating electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than X-rays. |
Background Radiation | the uniform microwave radiation remaining from the Big Bang |
Strong nuclear force | one of the four basic forces in nature |
Fission | the action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts. |
Chain Reaction | a chemical reaction or other process in which the products themselves promote or spread the reaction, which under certain conditions may accelerate dramatically. |
Critical mass | the minimum amount of fissile material needed to maintain a nuclear chain reaction. |
Fusion | the process of causing a material or object to melt with intense heat, esp. so as to join with another. |
Plasma | the colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended. |