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Chapter 8-10 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solute | substance when dissolved in a substance |
solvent | substance in which a substance dissolves |
dissociation | ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves |
dispersion | sugar dissolves in water by dispersion |
ionization | process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
acid | compound that produces hydronium ions |
indicator | substance that changes color in the process of an acid or a base |
base | compound producing hydroxide ions |
neutralization | reactions between an adid and a base |
salt | negative ions in an acid confuse with positive ions in a base |
pH | measure of hydroniumion concentration |
buffer | solution resistant to large changes of pH |
electrolyte | substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when dissolved into water |
radioactivity | process in which a unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles |
nuclear radiation | charged particless and energy are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
alpha particles | positively charged particle made up of two protons |
beta particle | particle emitted by an unstable nucleus |
gamma ray | penetrating ray of energy by an unstable nucleus |
background radiation | radiation that occurs in nature |
half life | the time required for one half or a sample of a radioisotope to decay |
strong an nuclear force | the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together |
fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller parts |
chain reaction | neutrons released during the splitting of an inital nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions |
critical mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
fusion | a process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
plasma | a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons |