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Chapter 8-10 Vocab
Chapter 8 through 10 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | Substance whose particles are dissolved in a substance. |
Solvent | Substance in which a substance dissolves |
Dissociation | ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves |
Dispersion | Sugar dissolves in water by dispersion |
Ionization | Process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
Acid | Compound that produces hydronium ions |
Indicator | Substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. |
Base | Compound producing hydroxide ions |
Neutralization | Reactions between an acid and a base |
Salt | Negative ions in acid combine with positive ions in a base |
pH | Measure of hydronium ion concentration |
Buffer | solution resistant to large changes of pH |
Electrolyte | Substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when dissolved into water |
Radioactivity | Process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles |
Radioisotope | Atom contain an unstoppable nucleus is called radioactive isotope. |
Nuclear radiation | Charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nucli of radioisotopes |
Alpha Particles | Positively charged particle made up of two protons |
Beta Particle | Particle emitted by an unstable nucleus |
Gamma Ray | Penetrating ray of energy by and unstable nucleus |
Background Radiation | Radiation that occurs in nature |
Strong nuclear force | Attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
fission | A nuclear reaction in which the atomic nucleus is split into two smaller parts |
chain reaction | Neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions |
critical mass | Smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain chain reaction. |
fusion | Process of when a nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
plamsa | State of matter where atoms have been stripped of electrons |