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Chapter 8 & 10 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution |
Solvent | The substance in which solute dissolves in |
Dissociation | A processes in which an ionic compound separates into ions in the solute |
Dispersion | Breaking into small pieces that spread throughout water |
Ionization | The process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
Acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
Indicator | Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base |
Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
Neutralization | The reaction between an acid and a base |
Salt | During neutralization, the negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base to produce this ionic compound |
pH | The measure of a solutions hydronium ion concentration |
Buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
Electrolyte | A substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water |
Radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
Radioisotope | Any atom containing an unstable nucleus |
Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
Alpha Particle | A positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons |
Beta Particle | An electron emitted bu an unstable nucleus |
Gamma Ray | A penetrating ray of energy emitted bu an unstable nucleus |
Background Radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment |
Strong Nuclear Force | The attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
Fission | The splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts |
Chain Reaction | Neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions |
Critical Mass | The smallest possible mass fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
Fusion | A process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger neuclus |
Plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been striped of their electrons |