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Fuels & Heats
Chapter 21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Saturated compound | Contain no double or triple bonds |
| Unsaturated bonds | Contain at least 1 double or triple bond |
| Alkane | Contain only single bonds. Only made up with carbon + hydrogen |
| Homologous Series | A series of uniform chemical type, show a graduation in physical properties, have general formula, have a similar method of preparation, each member differs from the previous by CH2 unit |
| Structural isomers | compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula |
| Alkene | Contain 1 double bond. Only made up with hydrogen and carbon |
| Alkyne | Conation 1 triple bond. Only made up of Carbon and hydrogen |
| Aliphatic compound | open chains of carbon atoms and closed rings that resemble them in chemical properties |
| Aromatic Compounds | Counds that conatain a benzene ring structure in their molecules |
| Octane Number | A measure of the tendancy of the fuel to resist knocking with 100 being 2,2,4-trimethylpentance and 0 being heptane |
| Catalytic cracking | the breaking down of long chain molecules into shorter chain molecules |
| Isomerisation | Using heat to forse branching on shorter chains |
| Heat of reaction | the heat change when the moles of the reactants indicated are compleatly reacted |
| Heat of Combustion | the heat change when one mole of the substance is compleatly burned in excess oxygen |
| Kilogram Calorific Value | the heat energy produced when 1kg of fuel is compleatly burned in oxygen |
| Bond Energy | The energy required to break one mole of covelant bonds and to separate the neutral atoms compleatly from each other |
| Heat of neautralisation | the heat change when one mole of H+ ions react with one mole OH- ions |
| Heat of formation | The heat that takes place when one mole of a compound in its standard state is formed from its elements in their stard state |
| Hess's Law | When chemical reaction happens in a number of defferent stages the sum of the heat changes in the separate stages is equal to the heat change if the reaction is carried out in one stage |
| Law of conservation of energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one energy into another |
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MarkA0845
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