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Chapter 8/10 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
acid | compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
indicator | substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base |
base | compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
neutralization | chemical reaction between an acid and a base |
salt | ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base |
pH | measure of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution |
buffer | solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
electrolyte | compound that produces ions when it dissolves |
radioactivity | process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
radioisotope | isotope with an unstable nucleus |
nuclear radiation | charged particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
alpha particle | positively charged particle, emitted by certain radioactive nuclei, made up of two protons and two neutrons |
beta particle | electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
gamma ray | penetrating form of radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus |
background radiation | nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment |
strong nuclear force | powerful attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
fission | nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus split into two smaller parts |
chain reaction | series of fission reactions triggered by neutrons released during the fission of a nucleus |
critical mass | smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
fusion | nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
plasma | state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons |
solute | substance whose particles are dissolved in a solutions |
solvent | substance in which a solute dissolves |
dissociation | separation of ions in an ionic compound as the compound dissolves |
dispersion | process of dissolving by breaking into smaller piece, the process in which white light separates |
ionization | process by which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |