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Fluid/Elec Imbalance
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance 1215
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sodium Normal Range | 135-145 mEq/L |
| Potassium Normal Range | 3.5-5 mEq/L |
| Chloride Normal Range | 96-108 mEq/L |
| Calcium Normal Range | 8.6-10.2 mEq/L |
| Magnesium Normal Range | 1.8-2.7 mEq/L |
| Phosphorus Normal Range | 2.4-4.4 mg/dL |
| FVD Severe Manifestations | Heart rate increased acutely(135-140bpm), skin cold and clammy, eyes sunken, profound hypotension, flat neck veins, seizures, coma |
| FVE Severe Manifestations | Edema, distended neck veins, abnormal lung sounds, increased blood pressure, mental confusion, nausea |
| FVD Causes/Risk Factors | Excess fluid loss, decreased fluid intake, Diabetes Insipidus, hemorrhage, coma, medications |
| FVE Causes/Risk Factors | Excess fluid intake, decreased fluid loss, heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver, excessive intake of electrolytes/dietary sodium |
| Hyponatremia Causes | Water intoxication, heart failure, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, diuretics, fasting |
| Hyponatremia Manifestations | Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, seizures, coma, orthostatic hypotension, neurologic changes,muscle twitching,weakness |
| Hypernatremia Causes | Excess water loss, excess sodium, Diabetes Insipidus, heat stroke, medications |
| Hypernatremia Manifestations | Twitching, tremors, seizures, coma, skin flushed, weakness, lethargy, confusion, thirst, fever, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, agitation |
| S.A.L.T. | Hypernatremia S/S Skin flushed Agitation Low grade fever Thirst |
| Hypokalemia Causes | GI losses, medication, poor diet, excessive sweating, dialysis |
| Hypokalemia Manifestations | Muscle weakness, deep tendon reflexes decreased, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, GI disturbances, cardiac disturbances |
| S.U.C.T.I.O.N. | Hypokalemia S/S Skeletal muscle weakness, U wave in ECG, Constipation, Toxic affects of Digoxin, Irregular weak pulse, Orthostatic hypotension, Numbness/parasthesia |
| Hyperkalemia Causes | Treatment related, impaired renal function, tissue trauma, severe infection, salt substitutes, blood transfusion, medication, acidosis |
| Hyperkalemia Manifestations | Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, peaked T wave, flat P wave, anxiety, DTR decreased, dysrhythmia, arrhythmia, muscle weakness, paresthesias |
| Hypocalcemia Causes | Hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, pancreatitis, blood transfusion, renal failure, medication, alkalosis |
| Hypocalcemia Manifestations | Paesthesias, tetany, seizures, anxiety, respiratory-dyspnea, hyperactive DTRs, Trousseau's sign, Chovstek's sign, clotting |
| Hypercalcemia Causes | Malignancy, hyperparathyroidism, boneloss, immobility, medication |
| Hypercalcemia Manifestations | Fatigue, changes in LOC, coma, blood clots, stroke, muscle weakness, anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bone pain, polyuria, thirst, ECG changes, dysrhythmias, tachycardia |
| Hypomagnesemia Causes | Poor diet, poor absorption, GI loss, urinary loss, alchoholism, acute pancreatitis, medication |
| Hypomagnesemia Manifestations | Altered LOC, mood changes, confusion, delusion, seizures, psychosis, coma, hyperactive DTRs, tremors, tetany, Trouseau's sign, Chovstek's sign, muscle weakness, tachycardia, dysrhythmia |
| Hypermagnesemia Causes | Renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, treatment related, medications |
| Hypermagnesemia Manifestations | LOC changes, flushed skin, lowered BP, nausea, vomiting, hypoactive reflexes, muscle weakness, depressed respirations, ECG changes, dysrythmia |
| Hypophosphatemia Causes | Hyperglycemia, respiratory alkalosis, tube feedings, malabsorption syndrome, alcoholism, heat stroke, hyperventilation, hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis, major burns, hyperparathyroidism, chronic diarrhea, laxative over use |
| Hyporphosphatemia Manifestations | Fatigue, LOC changes, muscle weakness, decreased coordination, anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bone pain, polyuria, thirst, ECG changes, dysrhythmia, tachycardia |
| Hyperphosphatemia Causes | Renal failure, excess vit. D, acidosis, hypoparathyroidism, medication |
| Hyperphosphatemia Manifestations | Soft tissue calcification, symptoms due to hypocalcemia |
| Hypochloremia Causes | Addison's disease, reduced chloride intake, GI loss, diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive sweating, fever, burns, medication, metabolic alkalosis |
| Hypochloremia Manifestations | Agitation, irritability, weakness, hyperexcitability of muscles, dysrhythmia, seizures, coma |
| Hyperchloremia Causes | Traumatic injury, hypernatremia, dehydration, severe diarrhea, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperparathyroidism, medication |
| Hyperchloremia Manifestations | Tachypnea, lethargy, weakness, rapid deep respirations, hypertension, cognitive changes |
Created by:
aefelsher
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