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Astronomy 1021

Ch. 2

QuestionAnswer
Constellation One of the stellar patterns identified by name, usually of mythological gods, people, animals, or objects. Also, the region of the sky containing that star pattern.
Asterism A named grouping of stars that is not one of the recognized constellations.
Magnitude scale The astronomical brightness scale. The larger the number the fainter the star.
Apparent visual magnitude (m, v) A measure of the brightness of a star as seen by human eyes on Earth.
Flux A measure of the flow of energy out of a surface. Usually applied to light.
Celestial sphere An imaginary sphere of very large radius surrounding Earth to which the planets, stars, Sun, and Moon seem to be attached.
Scientific model A concept that helps you think about some aspect of nature without necessarily being true.
Precession The slow change in orientation of the earth's axis of rotation. Once cycle takes nearly 26 000 years.
Rotation Motion around an axis passing through the rotating body.
Revolution Orbital motion about a point located outside the orbiting body.
Ecliptic The apparent path of the Sun around the sky.
Solar eclipse The even that occurs when the Moon passes directly between Earth and the Sun, blocking your view of the Sun.
Umbra The region of a shadow that is totally shaded.
Penumbra The portion of a shadow that is only partially shaded.
Annual eclipse A solar eclipse in which the solar photosphere appears around the edge of the Moon in a bright ring, or annulus. Features of the solar atmosphere cannot be seen during an annual eclipse.
Lunar eclipse The darkening of the Moon when it moves through Earth's shadow.
Saros cycle An 18-year, 11 1/3 day period after which the pattern of lunar and solar eclipses repeats.
Declination The angular distance of an object on the celestial sphere measure north (+) or south (-) from the celestial equator.
Right ascension The angular east-west distance of an object on the celestial sphere measure from the vernal equinox; measured in hours, minutes, and seconds rather than angular degrees.
Solar day The average time between successive crossings of the Sun on the local meridian (24 hours).
Sidereal day The time between successive crossings of any star on the local meridian (23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds).
Synodic month The time for a complete cycle of lunar phases (about 29.5 days).
Sidereal month The time for the Moon to orbit Earth once relative to any star (~27.3 days).
Sidereal year The time for Earth to complete one full orbit around the Sun relative to any star.
Tropical year (solar year) The time between successive spring (or autumnal) equinoxes.
Apparent solar time Time measured by the location of the Sun in the local sky such that noon is when the Sun crosses the meridian.
Created by: schris48
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