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Ocular Diseases #5
Questions for lens, uvea, uveal disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name five important symptoms in a post operative cataract patient,which should alert you to tell the patient to come in NOW. | Increase in pain / Redness (hyperemia) / Decrease in vision / Vomiting with ocular pain / Loss of area of visual field |
| Name six conditions that could cause an emergency situation for a patient after a cataracts surgery. | Intraocular hemorrhage / Infection of inflammation glaucoma (sudden increase in IOP) / Wound leaks / Retinal detachment / Choroidal detachment |
| How is posterior capsular opacification treated? | With a YAG laser |
| What type of drugs are given to prevent and treat cystoid macular edema in cataract surgical patients? | NSAID's - Bromfenac |
| The end stage of globe (ocular) decompensation is called? | Phthisis bulbi |
| Can you name at seven symptoms and signs of Uveitis? | Ciliary injections / Pain / Blurred vision / Cell and flare in the anterior chamber / K.P's on corneal endothelium / Pupil may be miotic (ciliary spasm) / Posterior synechia may be forming |
| Mutton fat K.P.'s are found with what type of uveitis? | Granulomatous |
| What is the term for white blood cells layered in the anterior chamber? | Hypopyon |
| What is the term for red blood cells in the anterior chamber? | Hyphema |
| What two types of medicines are used to treat most uveitis cases? | Corticosteroid (Difluprednate) or Prednisolone and cycloplegics (Atropine) |
| Posterior synechia is adhesion from where to where? | Iris to anterior surface of lens |
| What occurring factor is usually the cause of retinal detachments? | The pull of vitreous adhesions (vitreous traction) to the retina, causing a tear. |
| What is the most common cause of irreversible blindness (legal) in the US? | ARMD |
| What are the symptoms and signs of dry ARMD? | Slow onset of Metamorphopsia, decreased central vision, small blind spots (scotomas), large drusen, and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and increased and decreased areas of the RPE. |
| What are the symptoms and signs of wet ARMD? | May have sudden loss of central vision due to hemorrhage from a subretinal membrane. |
| What do you know about asteroid hyalosis? | Usually in older people, unilateral, asymptomatic, calcium deposits in the vitrous. |
| Name two topical corticosteroids. | Difluprednate (Durezol) and Prednisolone (Pred forte) - anti-inflammatory drug |
| Name one topical NSAID | Bromfenac (Bromday) - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| Name three cycloplegic drop. | Cyclopentolate, Atropine, and Homatropine (used to reduce ciliary spasm (which causes pain) and to prevent or break up posterior synechia) |
| What are the symptoms of vitreo-retinal traction? | Flashes of light (photopsia) in the peripheral field and sometimes floating spots. |
| What is amaurosis fugax? | A TRANSIENT loss of vision in ONE EYE lasting a few seconds to a minute. It is a form of TIA. May be described as a curtain or shade dropping down over vision. |
| What are the symptoms and signs of a central retinal artery occlusion? | PAINLESS total loss of vision, suddenly. Cherry red spot in a whitish opalescent retina. |
| What are the symptoms and signs of a central retinal vein occlusion? | PAINLESS partial loss of vision, suddenly. May be mild to severe. Blood and Thunder retina-dilated veins, flame, blot and dot hemorrhages, and exudates. |
| Even though the hemorrhages in CRV occlusion may clear, what is the major loss of vision cause? | Macular edema. |
| What is the main factor in causing neovascularization? | Ischemia, usually in the retina (areas of non-perfusion of arterial blood) |
| Neovascularization of the iris is called? | Rubeosis iridis |
| What are the dangers of rubeosis iridis? | Hyphema and/or zippering up the angle resulting in severe (neovascular) glaucoma. |
| What is one of the substances in humans that is released and causes new abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) to occur? | VEGF- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| How do we treat disorders with neovasularization? | Anti-VEGF agents (-zumabs; Avastin, Lucentis) or intraocular steriods, or lasers. |
| What type of individual is most likely to develop central serous retinopathy? | Young male (20-40), A-type personality, stress. |
| What are the symptoms of central serous retinopathy? | Blurred central vision, metamorphopsia |
| WHAT diagnosis tools are used in diagnosing and following patients with retinal vascular disorders and macular disorders? | Fluorescein angiography and the OCT (Ocular Coherence Tomography) |
| What are the signs and symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa? | Decreased vision, nyctalopia, tunnel vision, photopsia. Tremendous amount of pigment spicules with a waxy pallor of optic nerve. |
| What do you know about asteroid hyalosis? | Usually in older people, unilateral, asymptomatic, calcium deposits in the vitreous. |
Created by:
Leequa
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