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lab and diagnostics
MGCCC-JC level II lab and diagnostics unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| maintains vascular fluid, Norms: 3.5 - 5.0,Decreased levels: liver problems, elderly pt’s when malnourished Increased levels: dehydration Nursing implications for decreased levels: monitor pt’s skin for peripheral edema, offer foods high in protein | albumin |
| metabolic panel | sodium, blood glucose, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, BUN, and creatinine |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Description: end product of protein metabolism excreted by the kidneys; used to evaluate pt’s w/kidney disorders or dehydration Norms: 5 - 25 Decreased levels: over hydrated, liver disorders, Increased levels: heart problems, kidney problems, and pt’s tak |
| cbc w/differentials | rbc, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, wbc |
| creatinine | Description: product of muscle metabolism, filtered through kidneys and excreted through urine; checked w/BUN; used to diagnose renal dysfunction Nursing implications for increased levels: evaluate urine output >600 ml a day |
| cultures of selected body fluids | Blood,Sputum, Stool, Throat, Wound Urine, Description: Cultures are taken to isolate microorganisms Norms: Adult an child - negative or no know pathogens - 24 to 48 hrs to grow organism - 48 hrs for growth and culture report |
| partial thrombin time (PTT) | Description: used w/anticoagulant therapy; used to monitor heparin therapyNorm:(activated) 20 - 30 secnonactivated: 60 - 70 secTherapy: 1.5 - 2.0 times the control Nursing implications for decreased levels: at risk for stroke or embolus |
| prothrombin time (PT) | Description: anticoagulant therapy range 1.5 - 2.0 times the control in seconds (ex: 13sec x 2.0=26 sec); used to monitor coumadinNorms: 10 - 13 seconds Nursing implications for increased levels: s/s of bleeding, bruising, blood in vomit, and nosebleeds |
| therapeutic drug monitoring | Description: required for drugs w/narrow therapeutic ranges; mostly used w/cardiac drugs and antibiotics like coumadin and heparin |
| barium enema | Description: swallow or enema; assess for normal structure of the colon Pre-op: Clear liquids 18 - 24 hrs before Hold meds 24 hrs before or as ordered Usually given laxatives and enema to ensure clear colon. Post-op: Monitor bowels for constipation, impac |
| bronchoscopy | Pre-op: Consent Invasive NPO 6 hrs before so pt doesn’t aspirate Remove dentures Client teaching Post-op: Monitor s/s for complications Elevate HOB Assess gag reflex Give lozenges/spray as prescribed No smoking for 6 - 8 hrs afterwards…Why? Will cause cou |
| colonoscopy | Pre-op: Consent Invasive procedure Clear liquids the day before Golytely or Colyte 7 - 10pm Procedure: After inserting scope air is instilled to see inside Post-op: Monitor pt for tearing of the colon |
| computerized tomography (CT) | Pre-op: Consent Sometimes injected w/dye if so must be NPO/invasive NPO 4 hrs prior.Test contraindicated for people taking oral hypoglycemic (glucophage) Check for allergies (iodine or shrimp)Op: Must remain still May be asked to hold breath May have warm |
| echocardiogram | Description: Lays out structure of the heart, view structure, movement of valves, and chambers OP: Undress from waist up Apply gel to site Supine or sidelying |
| electrocardiogram (EKG) | Description: Used to observe activity of the heart in waves OP: Noninvasive Lay on back Clothing removed from waist up Shave excess hair for electrodes Any body movement will distort results Very short procedure |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | Description: tube inserted into mouth down esophagus into stomach and duodenum Pre-op: Need Consent NPO 8 -12 hrs Void before procedure Post-op: check gag reflex so the pt doesn’t aspirate |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Description: Not exposed to radiation; pt placed in tube unless it’s an open MRIPre-op: Remove metal objects Pt’s w/pacemakers are not candidates also contraindicated w/pregnancies. Assess for claustrophobia No metal implants; shrapnel |
| ultrasonography | Description: Visualize body tissue structures; looking at babies and gall stones Op: Conductive gel will be applied to the site being examined for a better picturePosition of pt varies depending on site |
Created by:
tabitha727
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