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Child Development
Child and Adolescent Development
Question | Answer |
---|---|
APGAR = ? | Done at 1 and 5 minutes of newborn.... Appearane, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration...on a scale to 10..... 3-4 is severe cardiopulmonary depression..... 5-6 indicates mild CNS depression |
Some Neonatal Reflexes ? | * palmar grasp, tonic neck , stepping, moro, babinski, pupillary |
2 childhood development principles ? | * Cephalo-caudal......*Proximo-distal |
Infancy Learning ? | * Learning occurs through direct perception and action on the environment.....Object Permanence- just bc you dont see it, doesnt mean its not there |
Infancy Language ? | *mothereese- babbling- echolalia- first words.....Walkie/Talkie - speak at 1 year and walk at 2 |
Infancy Hand Preference ? | * Develops between 1 - 3 year old.... if before 1 year, suspect a motor/neuro issue |
Toddler (18 mos- 3 years) speech ? | *18 mos.: climb stairs, run awkwardly, throw ball -Telegraphic speach “Mommy go” ..... * 2 yrs.: run well ..... * 3 yrs.: normal conversation |
Toddler Toileting ? | *Bladder by 4 yrs......*Bowel by 3 yrs.... Wait for readiness for toilet training, coercion is ineffective |
Toddler fears, time outs, and day cares ? | * start to develop fears, temper tantrums, and give time outs (minute per year old)..... *Day Cares can be good bc fast sickness, but less occurring over time |
Preschool/Kindergarten Child (Age 3-6) milestones ? | * Huge increases in language, cognitive and fine motor skills.... * By 5 yrs follows three-step commands, the question asking ages, Cooperative play beings, sex sterotype play, sports introduced |
3 yrs ? | *ride tricycle, climb stairs alone, put on shoes |
4 yrs ? | *throw ball overhand, work fasteners, use table utensils properly |
5 yrs ? | *skip, hop, complex activities such as swim and skate. Shoe tying |
School-Aged ChildAge (6-12) basics ? | * Piaget’s stage of concrete operations.... * Concept of conversation, Concept of reversibility, At age 6, brain is adult size, same sex relationships get close, comparing to others in activities |
Developmental Surveillance ? | * uses parental concerns in different areas to see if kid has delays or not and assisting parental behaviors to help if necessary |
Developmental Surveillance process ? | Elicit/Probe parent concern -Categorize parent concern -Screen -Monitor -Refer -Counsel |
*Adolescence Years* - Starts with puberty and ends with adulthood | * |
Early maturing boy issues ? | *Self confident -Independent -Mature in social rel. -Student body president -More athletes -Higher intelligence -Increased sexual activity |
Late maturing girl issues ? | *More competent -More responsible -Adaptable -Better academically -Later sexual activity |
Adolescence and psychiatric illnesses and onset of disorders ? | * high incidence of different disorders like depression, schitzo, eating issues, and suicide rates |
Adolescence death rates ? | *1 = accident, 2 = homicide, 3 = suicide...... boys are 3:1 successful in attempt, and are 1:3 in trying |
Adolescence Juvenile Delinquency | * high arrest rates under 25 (62%)... almost 505 of people arrested for serious crimes and rape are under 18 |
Factors in Violence ? | * Genetic factors -Psychopathology -Child victims of abuse -Poverty -Drugs |
Predicting Violence ? | * past violence is # 1 ... psych issues, Hx of violence/abuse, and antisocial behavior as a child |
Adolescence and Dr/Pt relationship ? | * takes time since they may not want to open up to you.... * Issues of confidentiality with/from parents |