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Lower Limb Mechanics
WVSOM Class of 2012 Lower Limb Mechanics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As limbs develop, a dorsal muscle mass differentiates from a what? | ventral muscle mass |
| ventral muscle mass develops into what? | flexors |
| dorsal muscle mass develops into what? | extensors |
| the dorsal mass of the lower limb ends up being where? | anterior |
| the ventral mass of the lower limb ends up being where? | posterior and medial |
| anterior compartment of the thigh has what movement? posterior? medial | extensor, flexor, adductor |
| the anterior compartment is innervated by what nerve? where is this located? | femoral nerve |
| what are the knee extensors of anterior compartment: | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius |
| what are the hip flexors of anterior compartment: | iliopsoas, rectus femoris, pectineus, sartorious |
| transitional muscle, functioning in both the anterior and medial compartments | pectineus |
| what are the thigh adductors? | adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis |
| what are the thigh flexors? | adductor magnus, adductor brevis, pectineus |
| what is the leg flexor? | gracilis |
| medial compartment innervated by what nerve? | obturator nerve |
| what muscle receives dual innervation from both the obturator n. and the sciatic n.? | adductor magnus |
| what muscle receives dual innervation from both the obturator n. and the femoral n.? | pectineus |
| posterior compartment innervated by what nerve? | sciatic nerve |
| what are the thigh extensors? | semimembranosus, semitendinosus |
| what are the knee flexors? | semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris |
| what are the medial rotators of the leg? | semimembranosus, semitendinosus |
| what is the lateral rotator of the leg? | biceps femoris |
| the hamstrings receive innervation from what division of the sciatic nerve? | tibial |
| hamstrings are most active during what contractions? | eccentric |
| in posterior comparment, what muscle receives innervation from the common fibular nerve? | short head of biceps |
| Superficial Gluteal muscles innervated by what? | superior inferior gluteal nerve |
| what is a thigh extensor? | gluteus maximus |
| what is a thigh abductor? | gluteus medus, gluteus minimus, tensor of the fascia lata |
| the lateral rotators of the deep gluteal muscles (red carpet) are what? | piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferir gemellus, quadratus femoris |
| The superior and inferior gemelli and obturator internus mm. comprise the what? | triceps coxae |
| what innervates the deep gluteal muscles? | L5-S1 ventral rami |
| what are the medial rotators of the gluteal muscles? | gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor of the fascia lata |
| what are the lateral rotators of the gluteal muscles? | red carpet muscles and gluteus maximus |
| what compartment is responsible for dorsiflexion? eversion? plantarflexion? | anterior, lateral, posterior |
| Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion refer to motion at what joint? | ankle |
| anterior compartment is innervated by what? | deep fibular nerve |
| ankle and toe dorsiflexors (extensors) are: | tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius |
| anterior compartment invertor? | tibialis anterior |
| Plantarflexion is also correctly termed _______ while dorsiflexion is also correctly termed _________ | flexion, extension |
| what is the strongest ankle dorsiflexor? | tibialis anterior |
| Inversion and eversion refer to motion at the what joint? | subtalar |
| inversion and eversion are often incorrectly termed what? | supination, pronation |
| Dorsiflexion is relatively ______ compared to plantarflexion | weak |
| the lateral compartment is innervated by what? | superficial fibular nerve |
| lateral compartment muscles can assist in what motion of the ankle? | plantarflexion |
| what is the primary function of the lateral compartment muscles? | to stabilize the ankle during plantarflexion |
| what are the ankle evertors of the lateral compartment? | Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, fibularis tertius |
| Superficial Posterior compartment is innervated by? | tibial nerve |
| what are the plantarflexors of the superficial posterior compartment? | triceps surae: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris |
| what Superficial Posterior compartment muscle can also weakly flex the knee? | gastrocnemius |
| what Superficial Posterior compartment muscle is mainly a proprioceptor? | plantaris |
| the main postural muscle of the triceps surae group: | soleus |
| Deep Posterior compartment innervation? | tibial nerve |
| deep posterior compartment Plantarflexors (and toe flexors): | Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, Tibialis posterior |
| deep posterior compartment Invertor: | tibialis posterior |
| The tendency is for the foot to be ________ during weight bearing (plantarflexion): | everted |
| the ___ of the foot must outweigh the power of the ___ in order to balance during weight bearing | invertors, evertors |
| Pure plantarflexion (or dorsiflexion) involves what interaction? | synergist-antagonist |
| is flexion related to adduction or abduction? | adduction |
| what muscle of the anterior thigh is not innervated by the femoral nerve? what innervates it? | iliopsoas; L1-L3 ventral rami |
Created by:
mhassan
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