Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Weathering & Erosion
weathering, erosion, soil stuff, etc
| i hate this | y do i hav 2 waste my vacation |
|---|---|
| weathering | the process that breaks down rock and other substances on Earth's surface |
| erosion | the removal of rock by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
| deposition | the process in which sediment is laid down in new locations |
| uniformitarianism | principal that states the same processes that opperate today operated in the past |
| What is another name for mechanical weathering | physical weathering |
| mechanical weathering | type of weathering where rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
| abrasion | the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity |
| ice wedging | the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands. |
| chemical weathering | type of weathering where rock is chemically broken into smaller pieces |
| oxidation | the process of when iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water |
| permeable | a material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it |
| How do weathering and erosion affect Earth's surface? | They break down and carry away the rock on Earth's surface. |
| What are the causes of mechanical weathering? | The causees include freezing and thawing [of water], release of pressure, plant growth, actions of animals, and abrasion |
| What are the causes of chemical weathering? | The causes include the actions of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organisms, and acid rain |
| What factors mostly determines how fast weathering occurs? | The type of rock and climate. |
| How do weathering and erosion work together? | They work together continuously to wear down and carry away the rocks at Earth’s surface |
| soil | the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow |
| bedrock | the solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
| What is one of the main ingredients of soil? | bedrock |
| humus | a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay |
| What does humus help create? | Spaces for air. |
| fertility | a measure of how well the soil supports plant growth |
| More of what equals more fertility | more humus |
| loam | a soil made up of equal parts clay, sand, and silt |
| What type of soil is good for most plants? | loam |
| soil horizon | layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it |
| topsoil | a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals |
| subsoil | usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus |
| litter | a loose layer composed of plants' shredded leaves |
| decomposer | the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller and smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals |
| What is soil made of? | A mixture rock particles, minerals, decayed organic materials, water, and air. |
| How does soil form? | As rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface. |
| When is soil formed? | Whenever bedrock is exposed. |
| How do scientists classify soils? | In major groups based on climate, plants, and soil composition. |
| Why is soil a valuable resource? | It's a valuable resource because everything that lives on land, including humans, depends directly or indirectly on soil. |
| When is the value of soil reduced? | When soil loses its fertility and when topsoil is lost due to erosion. |
| How can soil be conserved? | Through contour plowing, conservation plowing, and crop rotation. |
| sediment | Earth materials deposited by erosion. |
| gravity | A force that moves rocks and other materials downhill. |
| mass movement | Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill. |
| What processes wear down and build up Earth’s surface? | Weathering, erosion, and deposition act together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth’s surface. |
| What causes the different types of mass movement? | gravity |
| What are the four mass movements? | Landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep. |
| What is the most destructive type of mass movement? | landslides |
| rockslides | a type of mass movement in which large blocks of rock break loose on a steep slope and start tumbling, the amount of rocks falling grows as the original rocks crash into other rocks and knock them loose |
| mudflows | a type of mass movement in which a thick mixture of sediments and water flow down a slope, forming a mass that spreads out into a cone shape |
| slump | a type of mass movement in which one large mass of loose material or rock layers moves downhill, leaving a curved scar |
| creep | a type of mass movement in which sediments move down a hill slowly, sometimes causing trees and posts to lean |
| glacier | a large mass of moving ice and snow on land |
| continental glacier | a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island |
| ice age | the times in the past when continental glaciers covered large parts of Earth’s surface |
| valley glacier | A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley. |
| plucking | the process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land |
| till | the sediments deposited directly by a glacier |
| moraine | a ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier |
| kettle | a small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till |
| What are the two kinds of glaciers? | Continental glaciers and valley glaciers. |
| How does a valley glacier form and move? | Glaciers can form only in an area where more snow falls than melts. Once the depth of snow and ice reaches more than 30 to 40 meters, gravity begins to pull the glacier downhill. |
| How do glaciers cause erosion and deposition? | When a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms. |
| What are the two processes that glaciers use for eroding the land? | plucking and abrasion. |
| What do glaciers do when they melt? | It deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms |
| sand dune | A deposit of wind-blown sand. |
| deflation | Wind erosion that removes surface materials. |
| loess | A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt. |
| How does wind cause erosion? | By deflation and abrasion. |
| What may wind erosion and deposition form? | Sand dunes and loess deposits. |
| What kind of soil does loess help to form? | Fertile soil. |
| soil conservation | the management of soil to prevent its destruction |
| name the four steps that soil forms from | rock breaks down; as fragments get smaller, plants grown; living organisms known to help soil live in soil and add organic matter; when organisms break down, they add nutrients to the soil, aka humus |
Created by:
crosscountrygirl9.24
Popular Earth Science sets