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Science Vocabulary

Continental Drift, Pangea, Convergent Bondry, Divergent Boundry, Transform......

TermDefinition
Continental Drift The theory proposed first by Alfred Wegener, in which the continents are said to b moving slowly and apart.
Pangaea The super-continent of which was made up all of the modern day continents combined into one landmass. This land mass broke apart around 200 million years ago into 2 sub continents called Gondwanaland and Laurasia.
Convergent Boundary A type of tectonic plate boundary in which two plates are colliding and coming toward each other.
Divergent Boundary A type of tectonic plate boundary in which two plates are moving apart.
Transform Boundary A type of tectonic plate boundary in which two plates are sliding past each other, shearing their edges together.
Convection Current A type of heat transfer occurring in the earth's mantle in which the hotter rock material rises the top and the cooler rock material sinks.
Sea-floor Spreading A phenomenon discovered by Harry Hess, where the ocean floor at a mid-ocean ridge is spreading apart and new ocean floor is being created.
Deep Ocean Trench A deep crack in the where an oceanic plate is being subducted beneath a continental plate and the crack occurs at the subduction zone.
Subduction Zone A place where one of Earth's more dense plates is diving under one of it's a less dense tectonic plates.
Fault A crack on the Earth's surface where two tectonic plates meet.
Weathering A process on Earth's surface where sediments are transported from one place to another by wind, water, or ice.
Erosion The breaking down of rock material into smaller and smaller pieces.
Delta Where the mouth of a river joins another body of water such as a lake, ocean, of gulf, and the sediments from the river accumulate in one place and builds up.
Hot Spot A particularly hot place in Earth's mantle where molten material rises to Earth's surface either because of the hot temperature or because of weak places in the Earth's lithoshpere allowing the molten material to flow through.
Mid-Ocean Ridge The longest mountain chain in the world that wraps around the Earth like stitches wrap around a baseball. This is the location of sea-floor spreading.
Challenger Deep The deepest place on Earth's surface near the coast of Japan in the Marianas trench named after the HMS Challenger expedition of 1872. There have only been 4 successful descents into Challenger Deep, which is 32,000 feet deep.
Ring of Fire A seismically active area of volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific Plate.
Glacier Till Glacier sediment deposited by the movement of glaciers.
Glossopteris 300 million year old plant fossils discovered on various continents, this plant existed during the Permian period.
Lithosphere The upper mantle and the crust of of the Earth that makes up Earth's tectonic plates.
Asthennosphere The middle part of the mantle which is molten material and experiences convection currents from the heat of the core.
Lystrosaurus Reptiles that lived in the late Permian period 250 million years ago that was the size of a small dog. These fossils are found on nearly all of the continents.
Mesosaurus Reptiles that lived in the early Jurassic period and they were about a meter in length. They have also been found on many continents.
M.O.H.O. The boundary between the crust and the mantle discovered in 1909. It is about 8meters thick and the seismic waves change velocity as they hit the mantle material.
Gutenberg Discontinuity The boundary between the mantle and the core where primary seismic waves slow down considerably and the secondary seismic waves bounce off the core.
Tsunami A tidal wave caused by an under-water (ocean) earthquake.
Destructive Forces Forces that break down the Earth's surface such as erosion and weathering.
Constructive Forces Forces that build up the Earth's surface such as deposition of sediment.
Created by: mavris
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