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OLOL Resp.
N130 OLOL Respiratory Needs I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Movement of air in and out of airways | Ventilation |
| Gas exchange across the alveolar capillary membrane | Allveolar diffusion and perfusion |
| What two things happen during the transportation of respiratory gases? | movement of o2 to cell bodys and movement of CO2 from cell bodys |
| What controls ventilation? | Neruomuscular and chemical regulation |
| What happens if lung disease causes pressure in the lungs? | Right side of the heart works harder |
| What are the major s & s of respiratory disease? | Dyspnea, cough, sputum production, chest pain, wheezing, clubbing of the fingers, hemoptysis, cyanosis, general fatigue and weakness, and edema of the ankles and feet |
| What is the cardinal sign of respiratory disease? | A cough |
| What is Hemopytsis? | Coughing up blood |
| What is a quick test that shows if dyspnea is coming from heart failure? | bnp, If positive heart failure |
| What happens to pt.'s with low Oxygenation over a period of time? | Clubbing of the fingers |
| What does the PaO2 indicate ? | The amount of oxygen in the blood. |
| What does the PaCO2 indicate? | the adequacy of alveolar ventilation |
| What does the Ph level indicate? | If it is normal, acidosis, or alkalosis |
| What does the HCO3 level indicate? | The ability of the kidneys to reabsorb or excrete bicarbonate ions to maintain normal body ph. |
| What are examples of diseases that cause Respiratory Acidosis? | Obstructive lung disease, over sedation, head injuries, cardiac arrest, and congestive heart failure ( anything that would be a problem with getting rid of CO2) |
| What are examples of diseases that cause Respiratory alkalosis? | Hyperventilation, pulmonary embolus, mechanical ventilation, salicylate intoxication |
| What should a nurse do after a Thoracentesis and why? | apply occlusive dressing afterwards to make sure no air gets sucked in. |
| What happens during a Thoracentesis? | The pt. sits on the edge of the bed and leans forward over a bedside table while the doctor inserts a needle to aspirate or drain plueral effusion |
| What should the nurse monitor the patient for after a Thoracentesis? | Respiratory distress & possible Pnuemonthorax |
| What is a Pneumothorax? | accumulation of air in the pleural space with accompanying lung collapse |
| What are risk factors for respiratory disease? | Smoking, personal or family Hx of lung disease, occupation, allergans and enviromental pollutants and recreational exposure |
| What are the three respiratory nursing diagnosis you see most often? | Impaired gas exchange, Ineffective airway clearance, and Ineffective breathing pattern |
| Why would a Respiratory pt. have a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition? | Because they are too tired to eat. |
| Why should the nurse encourage fluids with a respiratory patient? | Because encouraging fluids causes the pt. to drink and will help thin secretions |
| What is Hypoxemia? | Low O2 |
| What is Atelectasis? | The closure of colapse of alveoli, it can affect a portion or an entire lobe. |
| What is the most common cause of Atelectasis? | Retained exudates and secretions, frequently in post op patients, imobolized patients and can progress to pneumonia |
| What areas usually clear with effective coughing and deep breathing? | Atelectasis ( collapsed airless alveoli) |
| What should a nurse teach the pt. to clear atelectasis? | slowly inhale through nose, hold for a few seconds, and exhale through mouth, Do 4-6 breaths, then cough |
| What nursing intervention should a nurse do before having a pt do coughing and deep breathing? | Plan on giving meds ahead of time so they will cough and not end up with pneumonia |
| Why should a patient use an insentive spirometer? | Because it promotes expansion of the alveoli and it prevents or treats atelectasis ( collapsed airless alveoli) |
| After which surgeries is an insentive spirometer frequently used? | thoracic and abdominal surgery |
| What are some ways to prevent atelectasis? | use insentive spirometer, frequent turning, early mobilization, encourage liquids, deep breathing exercises, coughing, and watch sedation |
| What are types of Respiratory infections? | Influenza, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Fungal Infections, and SARS |
| How many people die annually of Influenza? | 20,000-40,000 |
| How is influenza transmitted? | droplet spread, very easily exposed |
| What is the incubation period of Influenza? | 24-72 hours |
| What does it mean if there is an antigenic shift? | More people will have the flu because of a major change in the influenza A virus |
| Which Influenza virus tends to cause localized breakouts>? | Influenza B Virus |
| What Influenza virus is common but unlikely to cause symptoms? | Influenza C |
| Which groups are at risk or Influenza? | Anyone greater than or equal to 6 y/o, adults of any age with chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, residents of chronic care facilites and dorm rooms, immunocompromised adults, adults who were hospitalized in the past year, and children btwn 6 & 23 month |
| What groups can transmit influenza to high risk persons? | Health care workers, providers of home care to high risk persons, and household members of high risk persons |
| What is the onset of Influenza? | Typically abrupt |
| What are the clinical manisfestations of Influenza? | Headache, fever ( usually high), chills, and myalgia, dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, dyspnea and diffuse crackles |
| What is myalgia? | Muscular pain or tenderness, especially when diffuse and nonspecific |
| What are signs of pulmonary complications when someone has influenza? | Dyspnea and diffuse crackles, can lead to death at this point. Major complication |
| The most common complication of the flu is? | pneumonia |
| In uncomplicated cases of the flu, when do symptoms reside? | in seven days |
| What may happen to older adults after they have the flu? | They may have weakness or lassitude for several weeks |
| As the pt. recovers from the flu what may happen? | The pt. may have hyperactive airways and a chronic cough |
| What is the least common, but most serious influenza? | Primary viral influenza |
| What happens to a pt that has primary viral influenza? | pt develops symptoms of influenza but more severe, may be fatal, if sputum is present no predominant organism , treatment is supportive |
| How do you know when a pt. has contracted a secondary bacteria pneumonia? | When there is an improvement of symptoms for two to three days , then cough and purulent sputum |
| What is the treatment for secondary bacteria pneumonia? | Antibotics |
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