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1st Semester Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Magellan | The first explorer to circumnavigate the globe and discover it's true size |
| Columbus | Made four westward trips across the Atlantic trying to find an all water trade route to Asia |
| De Gama | Sailed around the Southern tip of Africa and established an all water route to India |
| Cortes | Conquered the Indians |
| Cabot | Italian explorer found many parts of North America |
| Vespucci | Explored the coast of South America and received credit for naming both North and South America |
| Starving Time in Jamestown | In the winter of 1609-1610 there was no food and 60 of 500 people survived to Spring |
| Colombian Exchange | Exchange of crops, animals, diseases, slaves, food between Africa, Europe, and America |
| Cash Crops | Crops grown for commercial uses |
| Indentured Servant | A servant who would work for someone in exchange for a ride to America |
| The two physical features that separate North America from the rest of the world | Atlantic and Pacific Ocean |
| Compass Rose | A circle showing the principal directions on a map |
| Scale | The ratio of two distances in different lengths |
| Legend or Key | Something that represents a picture on a map |
| Appalachian Mountains | An eastern mountain range expanding from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | It describes how the government should be set up in Connecticut |
| Mayflower Compact | An agreement signed by the people on the Mayflower to do what was best for the colony |
| Intolerable Acts (and what was most intolerable) | A series of laws taking away the rights of the American citizens, the worst was the Act that was set up after the Boston Tea Party, closing all ports in the Boston Harbour |
| William Bradford | Served as the governor in Plymouth five times in a row |
| John Smith | John Smith ran Jamestown and told everyone to work together or die because they were all searching for gold |
| Representative Government | A government elected by the people |
| Great Migration | All the Puritan families move to America to 'purify' the people |
| Quartering Act | British soldiers can live in any American's home and eat their food without their permission |
| Stamp Act | All official documents, letters, wedding papers, etc. had to have an official seal |
| Townshend Acts | Laws posed on imported goods like paper, lead, glass, paint and tea. |
| Sugar Act | An indirect tax on molasses and sugar to raise revenue |
| Tea Act | Taxes on all goods were cancelled except those of tea |
| Navigation Acts | It restricted foreign trade between the colonies and Britain |
| Founding of Pennsylvania | William Penn's father had died and the King owed him money so the King gave Penn a plot of land and Penn called it Pennsylvania; a place for all quakers and different religious freedom |
| Founding of New York | The British attacked New Ductchland which was the common day New York and the Dutch gave up with barely a fight |
| Founding of Georgia | James Oglethorpe founded Georgia to shelter those in debt. |
| Thomas Paine | A writer who wrote pamphlets to support the complete separation from Britain and also wrote pamphlets to build up the spirits of Washington's troops and Valley Forge |
| Enlightenment (including key people) | A scientific movement stressing the power of reason. Key people are John Locke, Voltaire, and Monesquieu |
| Great Awakening (including key people) | A religious movement that brought religious enthusiasm. Key people are George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards |
| Proclamation of 1763 and why it upset the colonists so much | It forbade the colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and it angered them because they thought they had earned the right to settle in Ohio |
| Boston Massacre | British soldiers shot at five men and killed one because they were fighting |
| Boston Tea Party | 342 crates of tea was destroyed in the Boston Harbor by Americans who didn't like the Tea Act |
| "Taxation without representation" | The king of Britain put taxes on goods in America without their consent |
| Key Grievances against King George III | Intolerable Acts, Quartering Acts, Proclamation of 1763, Townshend Acts, Navigation Acts, Taxation without Representation |
| George Washington | 1st president of the United States of America, the commander of the Continental army,was loved and respected by everyone during and after the Revolutionary war |
| Benedict Arnold | A commander in the Continental army under George Washington who switched sides to the British in exchange for wealth |
| Nathaniel Green | A spy under George Washington who was hung |
| Patrick Henry | A famous sea captain who won one of the most famous sea battles of their time |
| Reasons why the Americans won the Revolutionary war(advantages) | They were fighting for their lives, they knew the area, the were immune to the plagues, and they were used to the climate |
| Advantages of the British in the Revolutionary War | They had a lot of money, the hired mercenaries, they had an Imperial navy |
| Battle of Lexington and Concord(and the date) | The first battle of the Revolutionary war, named "The shot heard around the world." April 19, 1775 |
| Battle of Saratoga(and the date) | It was the turning point of the revolution, General Burgoyne was defeated by Benedict Arnold and Heratio Gates and was forced to give up 6,000 soldiers on October 17, 1777 |
| Battle of Yorktown(and the date) | The last major battle of the Revolutionary war, Cornwallis was defeated at Yorktown and gave up 8,000 men on October 19, 1781 and signed the treaty of Paris in 1783 |
| Winter at Valley Forge(and the date) | In late 1777 General Washington had his troops at Valley Forge, their spirits were down and a quarter of them had died, so Washington had Thomas Paine write "The American Crisis |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | Ended the French and Indian War |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Ended the Revolutionary War |
| Strategy | A complete plan of action |
| Marquis de Lafayette | A French officer under the command of Washington |
| Baron von Steuben | A major general under Washington during the Revolutionary War |
| Bernardo de Galvez | The Spanish Governor of the Louisiana Territory |
| Northwest Ordinance | Described how the Northwest Territory should be governed. |
| Land Ordinance | Called for surveyors to stake out six-mile-square plots, called townships, in Western Lands |
| Northwest Territory | The western lands |
| Magna Carta | The King James was forced to sign the Magna Carta by a group of English noblemen that created important rights for noblemen and freemen |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Stated how the government should judge foreigners and how they should be treated |
| Thomas Jefferson | One of the people who signed the Declaration of Independence, a general in the Revolutionary war, a federalist, and the 3rd president of the US |
| James Madison | Established the Virginia Plan |
| John Adams | The second president of the US who wanted to pay off war debts |
| Federalism | A system in which power is shared between central government and state |
| Constitutional Convention(including location) | May 25, 1787 55 delegates were sent to write the constitution |
| Individual Rights | Rights of the people |
| Popular Sovereignty | A government in which the people rule |
| Republicansim | The people vote on representatives |
| Separation of Power | Power is shared between three branches of government |
| Minutemen | Men in the war that would be would be ready to fight in less than a minute |
| Loyalist | People who were loyal to the Crown |
| Writs of Assistance | A document letting the government search people's houses |
| Presidential Cabinet | People who are appointed to be the presidents advisors |
| Federal Judiciary Act | Established the basic court system and how things would be run and people be tried |
| Hamilton's Financial Plan | 1)Pay off all war debts 2)Raise government revenue 3)Create a national bank |
| Tariffs | Taxes on imported goods |
| Whiskey Rebellion | A tax protest in 1791 led by farmers who couldn't pay their debt |
| Challenges Washington faced as President | What to do about the war between French and British, how to pay off war debts, Indians wanted land... |
| Political Party | An organization in political power that had a certain way of running things |
| Unalienable rights | People's rights with which they are born and cannot be taken away |
| State's Rights | Rights that the state had over the government |
| Requirements to vote in the USA | 18 or older, American citizen, not convicted of a felony |
| Magna Carta(date) | 1679 |
| English Bill of Rights(date) | 1689 |
| Jamestown(date) | 1607 |
| Plymouth Established(date) | 1620 |
| Starving time on Jamestown(date) | 1610 |
| French and Indian War (date) | 1754-1763 |
| Declaration of Independence | 1776 |
| Articles of Confederation | It was the first form of national government in the US, delegated decided to have a weak national government, government had limited powers, signed 1781 |
| US Constitution written | March 4 1789 |
| What were the key crops and economics for the various regions of the 13 colonies | Wheat, barley, oats, corn, indigo |
| What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation | Strengths: Treaty of Paris, passed Land Ordinance, passed Northwest Ordinance Weaknesses: Lacked power to tax, debt, couldn't enforce laws, couldn't regulate trade |
| Compare and Contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plan (Part 1) | Virginia Plan: Strong Government, bicameral house of representatives, 3 branches of government, votes determined by state population, power shared between state and government |
| Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plan (Part 2) | New Jersey plan: Weak government, power remained to states, one vote per state, unicameral house of representatives |
| What was the 3/5ths compromise? | An agreement on how to count the slave population when setting taxes, slaves only counted as 3/5ths of the population |
| Key people and views of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists | Federalists: James Madison John Jay Alexander Hamilton Anti-Federalists: George Mason Patrick Henry |
| Key aspects of the first 19 Amendements | They mainly cover women's rights, peoples rights, Federal Court rules and limitations, and punishments that can be given to criminals |
| Compare and contrast the challenges of the presidencies of Washington and Adams | Washington and Adams both faced the issue of how to run the government, but Washington had to make peace with France and Britain, and Adams had to deal with debt. |
Created by:
k1216351
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