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CLT 3370 FINAL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Europa | Raped by Zeus as bull on Crete. Mother of Minos |
| Minos | Son of Zeus and Athena, king of Crete, |
| Cadmus | Brother of Europa, sowed dragon teeth into ground and Spartoi emerged. Built Thebes after following a cow |
| Thebes | Found by Cadmus after he followed a cow there. Known for being the location of bad things. |
| Cadmeia | Citadel of Thebes named after its founder Cadmus. |
| Spartoi | Emerged from the sewn teeth of the dragon of Ares. Fought each other until only 5 were left. The remaining five helped Cadmus build the city of Thebes. |
| Actaeon | Saw Artemis while she was bathing. He was turned into a stag and killed by his own hounds. |
| Dionysus | God of Wine and parties. Grew in Zeus’ leg. Raised by the Bacchantes. |
| Pentheus | King of Thebes. Opposed Dionysus. Killed by the bacchantes. |
| Labdacus | Grandson of Cadmus. Killed by the Bachae after disrespecting Dionysus |
| Antiope | Mother of Amphion and Zethus by Zeus. Herdsman raised her sons and they killed her captures. |
| Laius | Father of Oedipus. Killed by son to fulfill prophecy. |
| Xenia | Ancient Greek philosophy of hospitality. “Guest friendship” |
| Jocasta | Mother of Oedipus and wife of Laius. Marries son. Committed suicide. |
| Oedipus | Marries mother, kills father. Saves Thebes from the Sphinx. Blinded himself. |
| Polybus and Merope | King and Queen of Corinth that Oedipus thinks are his real parents |
| Sophocles | Classical Greek playwright, Wrote Oedipus. |
| Aeschylus | Classical playwright, wrote seven against Thebes and Agamemnon |
| Euripides | Last of the great playwrights. Wrote Andromache and Hecuba. |
| Dionysia | Festival where comedies and tragedies are shared. In honor of Dionysus. Aeschylus spoke there. |
| Oedipus Tyrannus | Story of Oedipus portrayed by Sophocles. Kills dad Marries mother. |
| Oedipus at Colonus | Part of the Oedipus trilogy by Sophocles. Chronicles the end of Oedipus’ life. |
| Antigone | Third of the Theban plays. Chronicles the story of Creon and Antigone |
| Polyneices | Son of Oedipus and brother of Eteocles. Fought with brother over rule of the city and killed each other. |
| Eteocles | Brother of Polyneices and because of curse put on them by Oedipus they end up killing themselves over control of the state. |
| Antigone | Daughter f Oedipus and Jocasta. Served as guides to Oedipus when he blinded himself. Was given to Haemon so he could kill her, but they ended up getting married. |
| Ismene | Sister of Antigone. Also guided Oedipus. |
| Creon | Uncle to Antigone & Ismene. Killed Haemon. |
| Tiresias | Blind fortuneteller. Prophesied the Seven against Thebes. |
| Sphinx | Plagued city of Thebes. Asked riled to travelers and killed them when they failed. Defeated by Oedipus. |
| Bacchae | Play by Euripes. Dionysus visits Thebes expecting to be worshiped. Pentheus the young king tries to arrest him he is driven mad and killed by the crazy women of Thebes. |
| Hubris | Excessive pride. Cornerstone to many myths. |
| Eumenides | Female deities of revenge. Correspond to the Furies. |
| Seven Against Thebes | Written by Aeschylus. Third play in the Oedipus trilogy. |
| Adrastus | One of the seven against Thebes. Overtook Thebes on his second attempt. |
| Tydeus | Son of Oeneus. Exiled for murder and died on the voyage of the seven against Thebes. |
| Menoeceus | Grandfather of Oedipus |
| Amphiaraüs | Father of Alcmaeon. Commanded his son to kill is wife. He joined the seven against Thebes, knowing it would be fatal to him. |
| Epigoni | The second generation of the seven against Thebes. |
| Alcmaeon | Killed his mother by his fathers, Amphiaraus’ last wishes. Had to find land where sun hadn’t shined when he killed his mother so we lived on a newly formed island. |
| Eriphyle | Bribed by Polyneices with the necklace of Harmonia. Wife of Amphiaraus and mother of Alcmaeon |
| Haemon | Married Antigone and was killed by Creon. Other versions say he committed suicide. |
| Tantalus | Feeds son to gods. Punished in the underworld between puddle and low hanging fruit, neither of which he can consume. |
| Pelops | Fed to the gods by Tantalus. Demeter ate his shoulder. When revived his shoulder was replaced by ivory. Wed Hippodamia and killed her father Oenomaus. |
| Thyestes | Son of Pelops and brother of Atreus. Driven from Megara after seducing Atreus’ wife. Sent Atreus his own son whom he killed unknowingly. |
| Atreus | Son of Pelops and brother of Thyestes. After killing his own son fed Thyestes flesh of his own son. Father of Agamemnon. |
| Iphigenia | Daughter of Agamemnon who was sacrificed for fair winds to Troy. |
| The Oresteia | Work by Aeschylus. Trilogy including Agamemnon, Eumenides and the Libation Bearers |
| Libation Bearers | Play by Aeschylus. Orestes kills his mother Clymenestra. Tries to justify his action but fails and is pursued by the furies for his matricide. |
| Eumenides | Orestes takes sanctuary from the furies. Apollo defends his but Athena cast the deciding vote for his acquittal. The furies are mad at Athena but come to an agreement with her and bless the city of Athens and reside there as the Eumenides (Kind Goddesses) |
| Dioscuri | Twin deities who shipwreck sailors and received sacrifices for favorable winds. |
| Helen | Most beautiful woman of Greek and indirect cause of the Trojan War. Married Menelaus, Agamemnon’s brother but fled to Troy with Paris. |
| Priam | Last king of Troy. Father of Hector and Paris. |
| Andromache | Wife of Hector. Bore three sons with Achilles’ son, Neoptolemus. |
| Paris/Alexander | Prince of Troy. Brother of Hector Kills Achilles by shooting him in heel. Judgment of Paris. |
| Hecuba | Wife of Priam and mother of Hector and Paris. |
| Judgment of Paris | Chose Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess and earned her favour and was given Helen as a reward. |
| Agamemnon | King of Greek forces against Troy. Sacrificed daughter for fair winds to Troy. Killed and betrayed by wife, Clytemnestra. |
| Menelaus | Brother of Agamemnon and Husband of Helen. Trojan War was started when Helen abandoned him for Paris of Troy. |
| Diomedes | Seized the palladium from Troy. Harmed Aphrodite so she made his wife unfaithful and turned his friends into birds. |
| Nestor | Brothers killed by Herakles but he escapes. He is an advisor to the Greek in the Iliad. Persuades Petroculus to fight as Achilles. |
| Ajax the Greater (Telamonian) | Second best warrior to Achilles. Retrieved Achilles body after he was killed. Killed himself after losing the competition for Achilles armor |
| Odysseus | Main character in the Odyssey. Tries to return home to Ithaca. Takes 20 years to get back home. |
| Achilles | Best warrior for the Greeks. Dipped in the River Styx. Invincible except for his heel. |
| Patroclus | Friend/lover of Achilles. Killed in Trojan War. Spurs Achilles to return to battle. |
| Hector | Son of Prium and prince of Troy. Killed by Achilles. Best warrior in Troy. |
| Helenus | Brother of Hector and Paris. Suited Helen, but when rejected he told the Greeks about the palladium and how they must capture it. Prophet captured by Greeks. |
| Aeneas | Second best warrior of Troy to Hector. Survived Trojan War and was deemed the father of all Sicilians and Italians after the Trojan War. |
| Odyssey | Epic by Homer that recounts the journey of Greek general Odysseus home to Ithaca after the Trojan War. |
| Aeneid | Epic by Virgil. Founding of Lavinium by Aeneas after leaving the burning Troy. This new city was found under supernatural guidance and had a bright future in the West. |
| Palladium | Idol of Athena that blessed the city of Troy. Was seized by the Greeks during the sack of Troy. Symbol of city falling. |
| Tenedos | Island of present day Turkey. Was sacked by Achilles during the Trojan War. |
| Neoptolemus | Son of Achilles and eventual husband of Helen. Killed in Delphi after demanding that Apollo atone for the death of Achilles. |
| Virgil | Roman Poet. Wrote Eclogues, The Georgics, and Aeneid. |
| Lacoön | Trojan priest who advised against accepting the Trojan horse. Was killed by snakes so no one took his advice seriously. |
| Sinon | Greek liar. Persuaded the Trojans that the Trojan horse was a gift and should be taken into the city for he gods. |
| The Trojan Horse | Trick left by Greeks to sack the city of troy. Filled with Greek soldiers. |
| Book 2 of the Aeneid | Story of downfall of troy. Mainly the part about the Trojan horse. |
| Nostoi | Poem that recounts the entire Trojan War and return of Greek leaders. Dactylic hexameter. |
| Ithaca, Greece | Home of Odysseus. |
| Ulysses | Roman version of Odysseus |
| Lotus-Eaters | Tribe encountered by Odysseus. They ate plant that induced Odysseus’s’ men with blissfulness and forgetfulness. |
| Polyphemus | Cyclopes whom was blinded by Odysseus while drunk |
| Aeolus | Gave Odysseus a bag of wind. |
| Laestrygonians | Cannibalistic giants that Odysseus encountered. |
| Circe | Sun goddess who turned Odysseus’ men into swine. Odysseus persuaded her to change them back and stayed with her for a year. |
| Telemachus | Son of Odysseus. Returned to Ithaca after his father and helped him slay the suitors of his mother Penelope. |
| Penelope | Wife of Odysseus. Was loyal to him during his absence. Weaved a tapestry every day and unweaved it during the night and told suitors she wouldn’t remarry until it was completed. |
| Euryclea | Wet nurse of Odysseus. Odysseus loved her but never consummated with her. First to recognize him as a begged with a scar. |
| Argus | Had one hundred eyes. When killed by Hermes his eyes were transferred to Athena in the tail of the peacock. |
| Laertes | Father of Odysseus. Penelope weaved a tapestry in his honor to subdue suitors and lived in the country. |
| Telegonus | Son of Odysseus and Circe. He unknowingly kills his father with a spear tipped with the tail of a stingray, thus fulfilling the prophecy that Odysseus’ death would come from the sea. |
| Herakles | Son of Zeus. 12 labors. Slayed the hydra. |
| Hercules | Roman Herakles. |
| Alcides | French name for Herakles |
| Amphitryon | Husband of Alcmena and father figure for Zeus’ son Herakles. |
| Alcmena | Wife of Amphitryon and mother of Herakles. Was raped by Zeus in disguise as her husband. |
| Eurystheus | Twin brother of Herakles but fathered by Amphitryon. Since he was born first he became the king of Greece. |
| The Nemean Lion | Invincible lion. Slayed by Herakles. Used its own paw to kill it. Herakles used its hind for a cloak. |
| The Lernaean Hydra | Multihead sea monster. Killed by Herakles. Cauterized the headless nubs. Placed final invincible head under a rock. |
| Iolaus | Half brother of Herakles and his assistant during his 12 labors. |
| The Cerynean Hind | Herakles captured Artemis’ deer. It was said to be able to outrun an arrow. |
| The Erymanthian Boar | Herakles captured a boar that laid waste to farmer’s fields. 4th labor. |
| The Augean Stables | Stables Herakles clean by diverting two rivers to pass through it. |
| Parergon | Side quests |
| The Stymphalian Birds | Man eating birds that were pets of Ares. Herakles shot them with his poisoned arrows. |
| The Cretan Bull | Bull driven mad destroying a city. Herakles wrestled it and gave it to King Minos. |
| The Mares of Diomedes | Man eating horses that belonged to the giant Diomedes. Horses were tames when the fed on the corpse of Diomedes. |
| The Girdle of Hippolyta | Herakles retrieved the girdle of the Amazonian Hippolyta |
| The Cattle of Geryon | Herakles had to herd the largest group of cattle in the world. Geryon promised him a portion of the cattle. When he refused Herakles killed Geryon. |
| The Apples of the Hesperides | Herakles got Atlas to retrieve the apples while he held the heavens. Herakles then tricked Atlas into taking the burden back. |
| Cerberus | Three headed dog that watched the underworld. |
| Deïanira | Was protected from a centaur attack by Herakles. Was told to save the centaur blood because if Herakles wore a garment with it on it Herakles would only love her. |
| Nessus | Centaur that tried to violate Deianira but was shot by Herakles. |
| Iole | Girl Herakles fell in love with. Deianira gave Herakles a cloak with the blood of Nessus but the poison was so powerful that it killed Herakles. |
| Perseus | Killed medusa and saved Andromeda from a sea monster. Was cast into the sea as a baby and grew up on the island of Seriphus. Founded Mycenae. |
| Danaë | Mother of Perseus. Wanted to be wed by the king of the island so he sent Perseus to retrieve the head of medusa hoping Perseus would be killed. |
| Andromeda | Mother upset Poseidon and caused a flood and a sea monster. Persius killed the sea monster by showing it the head of medusa turning it into stone. Perseus fell in love with Andromeda |
| The Gorgons | Winged female monsters. Medusa was one of three gorgons |
| Medusa | A gorgon. Snakes for hair. As killed by Perseus. Her decapitated head turn whoever looked at it into stones. |
| Apotropaic | Type of magic used to detour harm or evil. Like a good luck charm |
| Graeae | Three ancient sea spirits. Shared one eye and a tooth between them. |
| Pegasus | Horse with wings. Emerged from headless Medusa. |
| Autochthonous | Indigenous people. Not from immigrants. |
| Cecrops | Half human half snake. Instilled new rules for marriage and led the abolition of human sacrifice |
| Erichthonius | Early ruler of Athens. Said to be born of the earth and raised by Athena. |
| Theseus | Defeated criminals and monsters on his way to Athens. Killed the Minotaur on the island of Crete. |
| Minotaur | Half bull half human. |
| Daedalus | Built labyrinth of Crete for King Minos. When he lost favor he was imprisoned and created waxwings to escape Sicily. |
| Icarus | Flew with his father Daedalus but perished when he fell into the ocean. |
| Centauromachy | Battle of Centaur and humans. Centaurs became wild being unfamiliar with alcohol. Centaurs lost and were expelled from the land. |
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