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Mendelian Genetics

Punnett Squares and Pedigree Charts

QuestionAnswer
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation? In sexually reproducing organisms, a zygote receives 50% of its genes from one parent, and 50% from the other.
What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? The inheritance of one trait, or characteristic, is independent of the inheritance of another.
What is Co-Dominance? A condition in which both alleles of a gene in a heterozygote are fully expressed, neither one being dominant or recessive to the other.
Define gamete. Sex cell (Sperm or Ovum)
What is haploid? Each gamete is haploid - one complete set of chromosomes. Contains 23 chromosomes, 22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome (X or Y).
What is diploid zygote. When two gametes unite they form a diploid zygote. Diploid is a full compliment of chromosomes. Contains 46 chromosomes, 44 autosomes, and 2 sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
Explain how meiosis works? Starts with a diploid cell (46 chromosomes), involves two cell divisions and produces four haploid gamete cells (23 chromosomes). The fusion of the haploid ovum with a haploid sperm produces a diploid zygote.
How can we examine 2 traits simultaneously? Using a Di-Hybrid Cross chart. Follows the Law of Independent Assortment.
What is a Pedigree Chart? Depicts family relationships and phenotypes. Used to infer genotype.
Describe Sex-Linked Traits Traits that are attached to the sex-chromosomes. Females have two copies of the allele (unaffected, carriers, affected), and males have only one copy of the allele (unaffected or affected). .
Created by: cassidylm34
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