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ML-Chapter 4_MS
Pulmonology * Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alveolus | hollow spheres of cells in the lungs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged |
| apex | rounded top of each lung |
| bronchiole | small, tubular air passageway that branches off from a bronchus and then branches into several alveoli |
| bronchus | tubular air passageway supported by cartilage rings that forms an inverted Y below the trachea |
| cardiopulmonary | pertaining to the heart and lungs |
| cardi/o- | heart |
| pulmon/o- | lung |
| diaphragm | muscular sheet that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| epiglottis | lidlike structure that seals off the larynx when swallowing so the food will not enter the trachea |
| larynx | voice box |
| lobe | visible division of the lung |
| lung | organ of respiratory that contains alveoli |
| mediastinum | smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity that contains the trachea, heart, and esophagus |
| pharynx | throat |
| pleura | double-layered serous membrane |
| septum | divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides |
| sept/o- | septum |
| thoracic cavity | hollow space that is filled with the lungs and structures in the mediastinum |
| trachea | air passageway between the larynx and the bronchi |
| trache/o- | trachea |
| bronchial tree | trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles |
| asthma | hyperreactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm |
| bronchospasm | contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi |
| status asthmaticus | Prolonged and extremely life threatening asthma attack |
| bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchiectasis | Enlargement and loss of elasticity of the bronchioles |
| -ectasis | Condition of dilation |
| abnormal breath sounds | Breathing that is difficult and makes strange noises |
| rales | Bubbling sounds during inspiration |
| rhonchi | Humming, whistling, or snoring sounds during inspiration |
| stridor | High-pitched, harsh, crowing sound due to edema or obstruction on the trachea or larynx |
| wheezes | High-pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration |
| adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | A severe infection, burns, or injury to the lungs that damages the alveoli to where they collapse with each breath |
| atelectasis | Incomplete expansion or collapse of part or all of a lung |
| atel/o- | Incomplete |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused by chronic exposure to pollution or smoking |
| emphysema | Alveoli become inflated and rupture, creating large air pockets in the lungs |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | Mucus is abnormally thick and blocks the alveoli and causes dyspnea |
| influenza | Acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory system |
| empyema | Localized collection of pus in the thoracic cavity from an infection in the lungs |
| py/o- | Pus |
| purulent | Pertaining to pus |
| lung cancer | Cancerous tumor of the lungs |
| malignant | Intentionally causing harm; cancer |
| occupational lung disease | Caused by constant exposure to inhaled particles |
| anthracosis | Black lung disease caused by coal dust |
| asbestosis | Caused by inhaling asbestos fibers |
| pneumoconiosis | Any occupational lung disease caused by chronically inhaling some type of dust or particle |
| pneumonia | Infection of some or all of the lobes of the lungs |
| aspiration pneumonia | Caused by foreign matter |
| bacterial pneumonia | Caused by bacteria |
| broncho-pneumonia | Affects bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli |
| pulmonary edema | Fluid collects in the alveoli |
| pulmonary embolism | Blockage of pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | Acute viral respiratory illness that causes fever, dyspnea, and cough and can be fatal |
| tuberculosis (TB) | Lung infection caused by the bacterium myocobacterium tuberculosis and spread by airborne droplets and coughing |
| hemoptysis | Coughing up blood tinged sputum |
| hemothorax | Presence of blood in the thoracic cavity |
| pleural effusion | Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation of the pleura and lungs |
| pleurisy | Inflammation or infection of the pleura |
| pneumothorax | Large volume of air in the pleural space |
| pneum/o- | Lung; air |
| apnea | Brief or prolonged Absence of respirations |
| a- | Away from; without |
| -pnea | Breathing |
| bradypnea | Abnormally slow rate of breathing |
| dyspnea | Difficult, labored, or painful respirations |
| orthopnea | The need to be propped upright to breathe and sleep comfortably |
| orth/o- | Straight |
| tachypnea | Abnormally rapid rate if breathing |
| anoxia | Complete lack if O2 in the arterial blood and body tissues |
| ox/o- | Oxygen |
| cyanosis | Bluefish gray discoloration of the skin |
| cyan/o- | Blue |
| hypoxemia | Very low level of O2 in the arterial blood |
| -emia | Condition of the blood; substance in the blood |
| arterial blood gases (ABG) | Test to measure partial pressure of the gases in the arterial blood |
| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | Procedure to measure the capacity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhalation and exhalation |
| oximetry | Procedure to measure the degree if O2 saturation in the blood |
| -metry | Process of measuring |
| sputum culture and sensitivity (sputum C&S) | Test to identify which bacterium is causing a pulmonary infection and to determine it's sensitivity to various antibiotic drugs |
| tuberculosis tests | Test to determine if a patient has been exposed to tuberculosis |
| Mantoux | Uses intradermal injections of PPD to test for tuberculosis |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | Procedure to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood if the patient has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped beating |
| endotracheal intubation | Procedure in which an endotracheal tube is inserted |
| Heimlich maneuver | Procedure to assist a choking victim with an airway obstruction |
| bronchoscopy | Procedure to examine the trachea and bronchi |
| bronch/o- | Bronchus |
| chest tube insertion | Procedure that inserts a plastic tube between the ribs and into the thoracic cavity to remove accumulated air or blood |
| lung resection | Procedure to remove all or part of a lung |
| thoracocentesis | Procedure to remove pleural fluid from the pleural space |
| thorac/o- | Thorax (chest) |
| -centesis | Procedure to puncture |
| tracheostomy | A tube is inserted into trachea to gain access to the lungs in patients who need respiratory support |
| ABG | Arterial blood gas |
| A & P | Auscultation and percussion |
| ARDS | Acute/adult respiratory distress syndrome |
| C & S | Culture and sensitivity |
| CF | Cystic fibrosis |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CXR | Chest x-Ray |
| LLL | Left lower lobe |
| LUL | Left upper lobe |
| PFT | Pulmonary function test |
| RLL | Right lower lobe |
| RML | Right middle lobe |
| RUL | Right upper lobe |
| SOB | Shortness of breath |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| TPR | Temperature, pulse, and respirations |
| URI | Upper respiratory infection |
Created by:
madisonsindle