Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Min Lab Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hand Sample Features - Quartz | No cleavage, conchoidal fracture. Comes in many colors. Typically transparent. Vitreous luster. Striations and hexagonal crystals with single terminations. High quartz will have a diamond shaped phenocryst. |
| Hand Sample Features - Chert/Flint | Looks like toffee. Very fine grained. Usually brown to tan. In sedimentary rocks. |
| Hand Sample Features - Chalcedony | Banded variety of microcrystalline quartz. In sedimentary rocks. Kind of looks like chert. Banded AF. like fo real. |
| Hand Sample Features - Plagioclase Feldspar | Usually greyish brown with striations on surface. Cleavage in two directions at right angles. Striation |
| Hand Sample Features - Labradorite | Blue |
| Hand Sample Features - K-Feldspar | Usually pink with exsolution lamellae. No streak. Cleavage in two directions at right angles. Bright green in felsic igneous rocks is amazonstone. Also can demonstrate carlsbad twinning. Uncommon in mafic igneous rocks. |
| Hand Sample Features - Olivine | Green. Most obvious as a phenocryst. Can look kinda like quartzite. |
| Hand Sample Features - Garnet | Isometric but not cubes. Usually red, but can seem brown (or a shitload of other colors but we're going to ignore that). Usually occurs in porphyblasts (chunks in metamorphic rocks). |
| Hand Sample Features - Kyanite | Can be blue if you look at it from the right angle. Is an aluminosilicate. "bladed" Could kind of be confused with sillimanite except it's shiny. Porphyblast. |
| Hand Sample Features - Andalusite (chiastolite) | Gray color. Opaque. Cross section has X on it. More square/rectangular. Is an aluminosilicate. Occurs as porphyblasts. |
| Hand Sample Features - Epidote | Pistachio colored. Bowtie silicate. In metamorphic rocks. Tends to occur with dark almost red kspar. |
| Hand Sample Features - Pyroxene | Typically dark colored, can be confused with hornblende. Has 2 planes of cleavage at right angles. More dull. More blocky. Clino is dark green & black. Ortho is bronzey. Just a shimmer on the surface usually. Mafic igneous rocks. |
| Hand Sample Features - Tremolite | Found in metamorphosed dolomite. Gray-white amphibole. Elongate. Silvery in color. |
| Hand Sample Features - Actinolite | Pale green. In metamorphic rocks. Elongate crystals. Foresty green color. Is an amphibole. |
| Hand Sample Features - Hornblende | Elongate crystals. Dark green to black color. Cleavage in 2 directions not at right angles (60 and 120, rhombohedral). |
| Hand Sample Features - Muscovite | Soft. Pale brownish whiteish and really shiny. Cleavage in one direction. |
| Hand Sample Features - Biotite | Soft. Blackish. Cleavage in one direction. Sheet like. |
| Hand Sample Features - Chlorite | Greenish. Can be in schists. as porphyblasts or like...in the whole thing. |
| Hand Sample Features - Talc | Soft. Pearly luster. Cleavage in one direction. |
| Hand Sample Features - Serpentine | The one we saw was chrisotile (super soft and fibrous, kind of green) |
| Hand Sample Features - Magnetite | Magentic. Black streak. Metallic luster. |
| Hand Sample Features - Corundum | Earthy reddish brown color. |
| Hand Sample Features - Chromite | Metallic. Dark brown streak. |
| Hand Sample Features - Hematite | Reddish brown color. |
| Hand Sample Features - Calcite | Effervescent. Rhombohedral (3 directions not at right angles). Vitreous. White streak. Usually white in color. In sedimentary rocks. But can be a yellowy-browny color. |
| Hand Sample Features - Dolomite | In sedimentary rocks. It's kinda fuckin ugly. It's like an orangey brownish color. It kind of looks sharp. It can kind of be in like a cheeto-colored pile of ground-up shells formation, or it can be blocky and kind of vaguely kspar colored. |
| Hand Sample Features - Siderite | Blocky and brown. |
| Hand Sample Features - Malachite | Super extra green. Opaque. Hydrated copper carbonate. In sedimentary rocks. |
| Hand Sample Features - Azurite | Super extra blue. Opaque. Hydrated copper carbonate. In sedimentary rocks. |
| Hand Sample Features - Pyrite | Charcoal-green streak. |
| Hand Sample Features - Chalcopyrite | Metallic luster. Blackish-green streak. |
| Hand Sample Features - Galena | Metallic luster. Cleavage in 3 directions at right angles (cubic). Silvery and really heavy. |
| Hand Sample Features - Sphalerite | Resinous luster. Tan streak. |
| Hand Sample Features - Gypsum | Whiteish clear. Can be satinspar, selenite, or alabaster. |
| Hand Sample Features - Barite | HEAVY. In sedimentary rocks. Like...marbley looking? Maybe? |
| Hand Sample Features - Halite | Salty taste. Cleavage in 3 directions at right angles (cubic). Usually clearish and kind of sticky. In sedimentary rocks. Not like super clear though. Not like quartz clear or glass clear. Can be kind of yellowy. |
| Hand Sample Features - Fluorite | Vitreous luster. Usually lavender in color. Cleavage in 4 directions (octahedral). |
| Hand Sample Features - Basalt | Always contains plag and pyroxene. Black, fine grained. Can be porphyritic with olivine phenocrysts. Can be porphyritic (scoria) |
| Hand Sample Features - Diabase | Medium grained matrix. Greenish olivine, black pyroxene, gray plag. Can have quartz if no olivine. |
| Hand Sample Features - Gabbro | Always contains plag and pyroxene. Coarse grained interlocking matrix. Can have quartz. Can have bronzite. |
| Hand Sample Features - Rhyolite | Felsic igneous. White/light pink quartz, possible kspar, fine grained matrix. Usually has some small mica phenocrysts. (Llanite is a porphyritic rhyolite with a fine grained matrix, microcline kspar, and blue quartz phenocrysts) |
| Hand Sample Features - Granite | Felsic igneous. Pink kspar, black hornblende/biotite, greenish plag, white/smoky quartz, coarse grained, well sorted. Can be porphyritic. |
| Hand Sample Features - Limestone | Sedimentary. Contains calcite. Can come in all different colors and have chert nodules. Effervescent |
| Hand Sample Features - Sandstone | clean - mostly quartz. dirty - arkose (feldspars, mica). conglomerate/breccia. Sedimentary. Can have evident bedding. Can have skolithos tubes. |
| Hand Sample Features - Shale | Sedimentary. Fine grained. Platey. Light gray usually and pretty smooth and platey. Mudstone is usually pinker. |
| Hand Sample Features - Conglomerate | Rounded grains. |
| Hand Sample Features - Slate | Metamorphosed shale. Pretty platey. Medium gray color. not quite as smooth and a little darker than shale. |
| Hand Sample Features - Gneiss | Banded, metamorphosed granite. |
| Hand Sample Features - Amphibolite | Hornblende and plagioclase. Metamorphic. Looks almost like it could be a diorite or something. But the amphibole in it is really elongate and shiny. Looks like of like a static-y TV. |
| Hand Sample Features - Schist | Classified by which mica is dominant. Chlorite schist is really green and shiny. |
| Hand Sample Features - Greenstone | Actinolite, chlorite, epidote. It's not fucking green. Why isn't it green? It kind of looks like a shale or a slate. But it's not plate-y at all its texture is more like a basalt. |
| Hand Sample Features - Marble | Metamorphosed limestone. |
| Hand Sample Features - Quartzite | metamorphosed sandstone. kinda looks like the ice in the bottom of a boost slushie when you suck all the syrup out. |
| Thin Section Features - Quartz | low relief but n higher than epoxy; colorless; low birefringence (up to pale yellow) |
| Thin Section Features - K-feldspar | low relief, n lower than epoxy and quartz, colorless, low birefringence, sanidine if in volcanic rock (carlsbad twinning), microcline (cross hatching) |
| Thin Section Features - Plagioclase | low relief, but n usually higher than epoxy; colorless; low birefringence; nearly always shows albite twinning |
| Thin Section Features - Olivine | high relief; colorless; high birefringence; grains commonly rounded and cracks but no cleavage; may be partly altered to yellowish or orange serpentine along cracks or margins |
| Thin Section Features - Clinopyroxene | high relief; pale green to brown; not usually pleochroic; moderate to high birefringence; may show crude pyroxene cleavage |
| Thin Section Features - Orthopyroxene | high relief; weakly pleochroic in shades of pink and green; moderate birefringence; may show crude pyroxene cleavage |
| Thin Section Features - Hornblende | moderate relief; green or brown; distinctly pleochroic; moderate birefringence (masked by strong true color); may show amphibole cleavage (more distinct and regular than pyroxene cleavage) |
| Thin Section Features - Biotite | moderate relief; forms elongate flakes; strongly red-brown or green; distinctly pleochroic; parallel extinction (not displayed by hornblende); mottled extinction; high birefringence (colors may be masked by strong true color) |
| Thin Section Features - Muscovite | moderate relief; tends to form elongate flakes; colorless; high birefringence; parallel extinction; mottled extinction |
| Thin Section Features - Calcite | variable relief (easier to see a grain mount than a thin section); colorless; very high birefringence, tan to pinkish; commonly shows twinning |
| Polarized light | The most light can pass through when the polaroids are parallel, the least when they're crossed. Privileged direction is where the grain is darkest. So if it's darkest at NS, the light is going EW |
| Polarizer (microscope) | The part that hovers right above the light. The light goes in through it. |
| Analyzer (microscope) | The part that you push in to cross the polars. A disc of polaroid above the stage. |
| Relief | High - more defined edges. Low - thinner boundaries. |
| isotropic vs anisotropic minerals | Isotropic - vibration of light direction is not changed (push in analyzer and it disappears) Anisotropic - light split into 2 perpendicularly vibrating streams. |
| extinction | biotite and muscovite show "mottled" extinction, a useful aid in identification. Not completely black, more spotted. |
| pleochroism | biotite and hornblende show color and this color changes as you rotate the stage. |
| Becke line | The halo on the crystal that tells you something about the index of refraction. Moves toward the substance with higher index of refraction. |
| index of refraction | Dictated by the mineral index compared to that of the epoxy. Reduce light intensity and move stage away. The halo moves into the material with the higher refraction index. |
| birefringence | Intensity of color when polars are crossed. Quarts and feldspars have low. Muscovite has high. Strong colors of biotite and hornblende mask their colors. |
| Relief | high relief - more defined edges to crystal. low relief - thinner boundaries. |
| Microcline | cross-hatched pattern unique, only visible in thin section |
| Quartz and olivine. | Usually mutually exclusive |
| Selenite | see-through. in sedimentary rocks. is a gypsum. |
| Alabaster | fine-grained. in sedimentary rocks. is a gypsum. andrew bird song is misleading (not translucent). |
| Satinspar | fibrous. in sedimentary rocks. is a gypsum |
| Aluminosilicates | Andalusite (has X on cross-section). Kyanite (usually blue, bladed). Sillimanite (needle-like sprays). All occur as porphyblasts. |
| Ecologite | Garnet and clinopyroxene. Metamorphic. Kind of looks like a garnet-filled gneiss. |
| Sillimanite | Needle-like, occurs as a porphyblast in sprays. Is an aluminosilicate. Could be confused with kyanite except it's not shiny. |
| 1 fold rotation | no symbol |
| 2 fold rotation | elipse |
| 3 fold rotation | triangle |
| 4 fold rotation | square |
| 6 fold rotation | hexagon |
| Crystal system | Isometric, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic |
| Bar # | # fold rotation axis? |
| #/m | mirror plane perpendicular to # fold rotation axis |
Created by:
haleyBUGoxox
Popular Earth Science sets