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Romantic Era
Music Appreciation Exam 4: prelude 5: The spirit of Romanticism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What song type repeats the same melody every stanza of the poem? | strophic form |
| What song type proceeds from beginning to end without repetition of whole sections? | through-composed |
| What is the intermediate song type between strophic and through-composed called? | modified strophic form |
| What is a German-texted solo vocal song called? | Lied |
| What is a group of lieder unified by some narrative thread or descriptive or expressive theme called? | A song cycle |
| What fostered the rise of a middle class or Bourgeois society? | the French Revolution |
| Romantic poets and artists turned to what type of subject in the Romantic Era? | passionate |
| What did novels begin to explore in the Romantic Era? | deep human conflicts and exotic settings and subjects |
| What changed a lot through Europe and America? | The industrial revolution |
| What spread across Europe and America? | Music conservatories |
| What type of subjects did romantic composers use? | nationalistic, folkloric, and exotic |
| Who excelled and established prominent careers? | women |
| The romantic era marked when performing musicians became ______ thanks to the development of the middle class. | stars |
| Why did the development of the middle class impact the popularity of the Musicians' music? | They no longer relied on aristocratic patronage |
| What were the two main prevailing song structures of the Romantic Era? | Strophic form and through composed |
| What is the song type where the main melody is repeated for two or three stanzas but has new or significantly varied music when the text requires? | modified strophic form |
| Lied is German for what? | Art song |
| What are highly virtuosic and technical study pieces called? | etudes |
| What became common in households in the Romantic era? | Pianos |
| Salon performances became popular in the Romantic Era, who performed them? | Amateurs and professionals |
| Emergence of piano manufacturers arose like what well known brand? | Steinway Corporation |
| Where was the piano's success that resulted in virtuosic performers elevation to a level of esteem and fame? | concert hall |
| What was the equivalent to the Art Song? | Short lyric piano pieces |
| The short lyric piano pieces were often in what form? | improvisatory, or purely instrumental form of dance forms |
| What three types of music were most popular in 19th century America? | Devotional, parlor music, and imported music from Europe |
| How is the program of program music supplies? | In the title, or in an explanatory note |
| What are the four main types of program music? | concert overture, incidental music (to a play), large scale multi-movement pieces, and symphonic poem (tone poem) |
| A symphonic poem is also called a what? | a tone poem |
| What program music type might evoke a land or seascape or embody a literary or patriotic idea? | concert overture |
| What program music is usually an overture performed between acts and scenes? | incidental music |
| The large-scale multi-movement program music type puts a story to music utilizing what two things as a unifying thread throughout the movements? | idee fixe (fixed idea) and thematic development |
| Which program music type is for the orchestra in one movement with contrasting sections? | Symphonic poem (tone poem) |
| What arose in the 19th century that lead to songs and dances of a people, works based on folklore and peasant life, or the story of a national hero, or a historic event, or the landscape or scenery of a country? | nationalism |
| Who's New World Symphonies incorporated elements of absolute and program music? | Antonin Dvorak |
| Antonin Dvorak was from where? | Czech Republic (Bohemian composer) |
| Who expanded the form of the Classical Symphony and best incorporated Romanticism with in the frame work of absolute music? | Johannes Brahms |
| Where was Johannes Brahms from? | Germany |
| Who carried the Italian opera seria and opera buffa traditions through the 19th century creating a national style that was distinctly Italian? | Giuseppe Verdi |
| Where was Giuseppe Verdi from? | Italy |
| How many operas did Giuseppe Verdi write? | 28 operas |
| Who changed German opera with his music drama? | Richard Wagner |
| Where was Richard Wagner from? | Germany |
| What is the most important organizing element in absolute music? | form |
| What three genres continued into the 19th century upholding their forms but with a Romantic tone? | Symphonies, concertos, and chamber music |
| Colorful harmony, expanded orchestration, expanded ensembles including many new instruments, expressive-lyrical melodies, and expanded proportions of the established form. | the "Romantic tone" |
| The Romantic Concerto follows the Classical Concerto form except for what two exception? | 1) The soloist starting instead of the Orchestra. 2) romantic concerto has an emphasis on virtuosity evident in the cadenzas |
| In the Romantic Concerto, when do the cadenzas often occur? | during the development sections |
| What are leitmotifs and what are they usually used for? | reoccurring themes usually used for unification in music dramas |
| What were Wagner's massive productions called? | music dramas |
| What incorporates all elements of opera and theatre and were continuous in form, using leitmotifs for unification? | music drams |
| Wagner's music dramas had what quality to their form? | continuous |
| What transformed into an independent art form in the 19th century? | ballades |
| What dance company in Paris opened up a new chapter in Europe cultural life bringing the Russian Ballade tradition into favor? | Ballet Russes dance company |
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