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Liver
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GI accessory organs ___, ___, and ____ | liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
| purpose of accessory organs in GI tract | digestive secretion, insulin and glucagon, and drug and hormone metabolism |
| largest visceral organ | liver |
| liver is contained ___ | within the rib cage |
| tough capsule surrounding the liver | glisson's capsule |
| carries blood from the stomach, small intestines, pancreas and spleen---incompletely sat with O2 | portal vien |
| ____ bl enters the hepatic artery | 300 ml/min |
| _____ bl enters through the portal vein | 1050 ml/min |
| liver stores ___ of bl that can be used in times of need | 450ml |
| functional units | lobules |
| what metabolic functions does the liver have? | produces bile, metabolizes and excreted hormones and drugs, synthesizes proteins, glucose, and clotting factors, stores vit and min, changes ammonia produced by conversion of amino acids into urea, converts fatty acids into ketones |
| the liver stores excess glucose as ___ | glycogen |
| the liver converts galactose and fructose into _____ | glucose |
| the liver synthesizes glucose from ____, ____, and ____ | amino acids, glycerol, and lactic acids |
| the liver converts excess carbs to ____ | triglycerides fro storage in adipose |
| in the liver the ammonia is transferred as ___ to the ___ | urea.....kidneys |
| ____ can damage the liver | drugs and hormone synthesis |
| _____ml/day of bile production in the liver | 600-1200 |
| ____ emulsifies fats and enters from the portal vein; recirculates several times before excretion in the feces | bile salts |
| reduction in bile flow leading to accumulation of bilirubin, etc in the blood | cholestasis |
| results form an abnormally high acculation of bilirubin int he blood | jaundice |
| formed from the breakdown of RBC | bilirubin |
| insoluble in plasma; transported attached to plasma albumin | free bilirubin |
| in the liver, free bilirubin is released from albumin and converted to _____ making it dissolve in the bile | conjugated bilirubin |
| conjugated bilirubin is converted into _____ for excretion | urobilionogen |
| inflammation of the liver | hepatitis |
| ___ and ____ promote cellular injury | cytotoic T cells and NK cells |
| stage before jaundice occurs of hepatitis | preicteric stage |
| the stage of hepatitis involving jaundice, light colored stools, brown urine | icteric stage |
| the convalescent stage of hepatitis that is when appetite returns to normal and things begin to improve | postecteric stage |
| complication; necrosis of the liver, develops 6-8 weeks after initial s/s of hepatitis | fulminant hepatitis |
| common and the 5th leading cause of death in the US | cirrhosis |
| 3 alcohol-induced liver diseases | cirrhosis, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease/steatosis |
| accumulation of fat in the liver | fatty liver disease/steatosis |
| liver failure, kidney failure, and esophageal varices | cirrhosis |
| genetically transmitted diease where iron is excessively absorbed and accumlated | hemochromatosis |
| autosomal recessive disorder with decreased ceruloplasmin leading to increased copper in the organs | wilson's disease |
| scarring of the liver tissue | cirrhosis |
| liver structure becomes disorganized | cirrhosis |
| black stools from blood | melena |
| causes back up of bl into the spleen leading to splenomegaly and an > breakdown of WBC, RBC, and PLT | portal HTN |
| damage to the brain tissue a/t the ammoins build up | hepatic encephalopathy |
| portal vein carries blood from the ___, ___, and ___ | Gi, pancreas, and liver |
| major complicatio of portal HTN | hemorrhage |
| distended tortuous collateral veins from prolonged pressure | esophageal varices |
| s/s: vomiting copious amts of dark-colored bl | esophageal varcies |
| as a primary tumor not common in US | cancer of the liver |
| cancer arising from the liver cells; nodular, massive, and diffuse | hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) |
| primary cancer of bile duct cells; not as common of liver cancer | cholangiocarcinoma |
Created by:
TayBay15
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