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Chapter 5 vocab
chapter 5
Term | Definition |
---|---|
work | transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move; measured in joules. |
power | amount of work done, or the amount of energy transferred, divided by the time required to do the work or transfer the energy; measured in watts. |
machine | device that makes doing workd easierby increasing the force applied to an object, changing the direction of an applied force, or increasing the distance over which a force can be applied. |
input force | force that is applied to the machine. |
output force | force applied by the machine. |
mechanical advantage | ratio of the output force exerted by a machine to the input force applied to the machine. |
efficiency | ratio of the output work done by the machine to the input work done on the machine, expressed as a percentage. |
simple machine | machine that does work with only one movement - lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw, and wedge. |
lever | simple machine consisting of a bar free to pivot about a fixed point called the fulcrum. |
pulley | simple machine that sonsists of a grooved wheel with a rope, chaine, or cable running along the groove; can be either fixed or moveable. |
wheel and axle | simple machine that consists of a shaft or axle attached to center of a larger wheel, so that the shaft and the wheel rotate together. |
inclined plane | simple machine that consists of a sloping surface, such as a ramp, that reduces the amount of force needed to lift something by increasing the distacne over which the force is applied. |
screw | simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post. |
wedge | simple machine that is anc inclined place with one or more sloping sides. |
machine that is a combination of two or more simple machines. |