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#68
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are atoms composed of? | protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| What is the nucleus made up of? | protons and neutrons |
| Protons have a __ charge. | + |
| Electrons have a __ charge | _ |
| Neutrons have a __ charge. | no charge |
| An electron has a charge that is equal ____ to a proton's charge. | but opposite |
| Atoms usually contain the same number of____ | Protons and electrons |
| Negatively charged electrons are ______ ____ to the positively charged nucleus and swarm around it. | electrically charged |
| Protons and neutrons are packed together tightly ___ | in a nucleus |
| The region outside the nucleus in which the electrons are located is ___ compared to the size of the nucleus.But most of the mas is found in the ____. | Large, nucleus |
| atomic #=? | #protons |
| atomic mass = ? | protons and neutrons |
| ____ causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other. | the strong force |
| What happens when the strong force is not large enough to hold a nucleus together tightly? | the nucleus can decay and give off matter and energy |
| the process of nuclear decay is called? | radioactivity |
| Nuclei with more than 83 protons | unstable and usually break into smaller pieces which is called radioactivity |
| Can nuclei with fewer than 83 protons be radioactive? | yes |
| The attractive or repulsive interaction between any two charged objects | electrical force |
| Almost all elements with more than 92 protons don't exist ___ on Earth. | naturally |
| Element with more than 92 protons are produced in labs and are called | synthetic elements |
| Synthetic elements are __ and decay soon after they are created. | unstable |
| Nuclei that have the samenumber of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called | isotopes |
| The atoms of all isotopes of an element have the ____ number of electrons, and have the __ chemical properties. | same, same |
| Number of protons in a nucleus is called | atomic # |
| Because the mass of all the protons and neutrons in a nuceus is nearly the same as the mass of the atom, the number of protons and neutrons is caled the | mass # |
| A nucleus can be represented by a symbol that incledes what 3 things? | atomic number, mass number, and the symbol of the element. |
| The total amount of charge in a nucleus is determined by | atomic number |
| strong force vs electric force | strong force is stronger. Strong force has a short range. You didn't have anything, this is what I found on the web. |
| What is radioactivity | process of nuclear decay |
| When an unstable nucleus decays, particles and energy called __ are emitted from it | nuclear radiation |
| 3 types of nuclear radiation | alpha, beta and gamma |
| Alpha and beta radiation are | particles |
| Gamma radiation is | electromagnetic wave |
| ___made up of two protons and 2 neutrons are emitted from the decaying nucleus | alpha particle |
| Which radiation particles are more massive? | alpha |
| Alpha particles have the most __ | electric mass |
| When alpha particles pass through matter, they exert an ___ on the electrons in atoms in their path | electric charge |
| This force pulls electrons away from atoms and leaves behind charged ions | Nuclear decay, aplha particles |
| Alpha particles are the ____ form of nuclear radiation | least penetrating |
| __ can be stopped by a sheet of paper | Alpha particles |
| Acedond type of radiactive decay is called | beta decay |
| Sometimes in an unstablenucleus a netron decays into ___ | a proton and emmits an electron |
| The electron is emitted from the nucleus and is called a | Beta particle |
| Beta decay is caused by another basic forcem called | the weak force |
| Beta particles are much faster and ___ than alpha particles. | more penetrating |
| _____ can damage cells when they are emitted by radioactive nuclei inside the human body. | Beta particles |
| The ____ form of nuclear radiation is gamma radiation | most penetrating |
| ___ are electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies and the shortest wavelengths in the electrmagnetic spectrum. | Gamma rays |
| Gamma rays have no mass and no chasrge and travel at ___ | the speed ofl ight |
| Thick blocks of dense materials, such as lead and concrete are required____ | to stop gamma rays |
| Gamma rays cause ___ damage to biological molecules as they pass through living tissue. | less |
| Radioactive Half-life, Some radioisotopes decay to stable atoms in _____ | less than a second |
| The nuclei of certain radioactive isotopes require ___ to dcay | millions of years |
| A measure of the time required by the nuclei of an isotope todecay is called | half-life |
| Half-lives _____among the radiactive isotopes | vary widely |
| consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus | alpha particle |
| Which nuclear radiation particle is the most massive? | alpha |
| After how many half-lives will there be one thirty-second the original sample of radioactive nuclei? | 5 |
| How do some scientists use radioactive isotopes? | to determine the age of rocks, fossils, and ancient artifacts. |
| How is carbon 14 used? | to age material that are younger than 50,000 years |
| How is cranium used? | to age material that are older than 50000 years |
| Some tools that are used to detect radioactivity rely on ? | the fact that radiation forms ions in the matter it passes through. |
| Large doses of radiation can be ___ to living tissue. | harmful |
| The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei is | nuclear fission |
| The products of a fission reaction usually include several individual neutrons in addition to the ______ | smaller nucleui |
| The total mass of the products is slightly ___than the mass of the original nucleus and the neutron. | less |
| This small amount of missing mass is converted toa tremendous _________ during the fission reaction | amount of energy |
| Albert Einstein proposed that mass and energy were related in his special | Theory of relativity |
| According to the Theory of relativity, __________ and _________. | mass can be converted to energy, energy can convert to mass. |
| A series of repeated fission reactions is called | a chain reaction. |
| Nuclear Fussion | 2 nuclei join to make one nucleus |
| Fusion release more or less energy than fission. | more |
| All starts release energy by ______ reactions. | fusion |
| Two smaller hydrogen nuclei are joined into a _____________. | large helium nucleus. |
Created by:
groomes