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Antiviral Drugs II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What RNA retrovirus causes AIDS? | HIV |
| What is the specific enzyme that antit-HIV drugs target? | Reverse Transcriptase (RT) |
| What specific enzyme inhibits the formation of viral DNA from RNA? | Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RT) |
| How does RT inhibit the for formation of viral DNA from RNA? | Mutation of the RT enzyme is very rapid. Use at least 2 RT inhibitors simultaneously slows the emergence of resistant virus |
| What are the names of some useful Nucleoside Retro Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)? | Zidovuldin, Lamivudine, Zalcitabine, Stavudine, Didanosine, Abacavir, Emtiricitabine. |
| What are the names of some useful Nonnucleoside Retro Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)? | Nevirapine, Delavirdine, Efavirenz. |
| What are the names of some useful Nucleotide Retro Transcriptase Inhibitor (RTI)? | Tenofovir |
| What RTI is given to healthcare providers, after they are accidentaly stuck with a needle? | Combivir (Zidovudine+Lamivudine) |
| What is the responsibility of the HIV protease enzyme? | Maturation of the newyl forming viral particles. |
| What effect does the protease inhibitor have on the HIV protease? | Interfere with the processing of viral protein, preventing formation of new viral particles. |
| What is the name of the useful protease inhibitors? | Amprenavir, Indinavire, Nelfinavir. |
| What is required for HIV enter the cells? | HIV must bind to CD4 lymphocyted recpetors. |
| What is the name of the fusion inhibitor that blocks the binding of HIV to CD4? | Enfuvirtide |
| What is the most effective Tx for HIV? | Tripel therapy (combine 2 RT inhibitors & 1 protease inhibitor) |
| What drug inhibits virus penetration or uncoating. it is also used to Tx & prevent influenzea type A infections? | Amantadine |
| This drug is good for Tx, prevention of influenza, inhibit virus penetration, & also parkinsons? | Rimantadine |
| What drug is used to block the release of influenze virus form infected cells, prevention & Tx of both influenza A & B infections? | Neuraminidase inhibitors (Zanamivir, Oseltamivir) |
| What drug is used topically, IV, & orally for the Tx of patients with herpes infections? | Acyclovir |
| What are the two types of herpes? | Type1= Oral, Type2=Genital |
| This drug is only for cytomegalovirus infections? | Gancyclovire |
| Drugs for respiratory syncytial viral infections (RSV)? | Ribavirin, Palivizumab |
| Drug is Used for the Tx of RSV in infants & young children, not in adults? | Ribavirin |
| This drug is a humanized monoclonal antibody given as an injection at the start of RSV season in high risk children to provide passive immunity. | Palivizumab |
| Drugs for hepatic viral infections? | Interferon, lamivudine, aedefovir, & entecavir. |
| Which drugs are for chronic Hepatitis B/C? | Interferon & lamivudine |
| What are the names of the cell cycles? | M-Phase, G1-Phase,G0-Phase, G2-Phase,S-Phase |
| What happens during the M Phase? | Period of cell division mitosis. |
| What happens during the G-1 Phase? | Cell growth RNA synthesis & protein synthesis. |
| What happens during the G-0 Phase? | Resting or dormant stage. No cell division, but cell is able to undergo mitosis.**This phase is most resistant to chemotherapeutics agents. |
| What happens during the S Phase? | DNA syntesis & cells that are in G-2 phase show the syntehsis of specialized proteins in preparation for cell replication. |
| Anticancer therapy is aimed at? | Killing dividing Cells. |
| How do anticancer drugs operate? | Kill a fraction of cells instead of an absolute number. |
| Do cancer cells mutate? | Yes, they contain a mutation that allows unrestricted growth, & they can also mutate in a way that make them resistant to anticancer drug. |
| What alkylating drug is good for Testicular cancer? | Cisplatin |
| What is the name of the most commonly used alkylating agent? | Cyclophosphamide |
| What are antimetabolites? | They compete for binding sites on enzymes or can be incorporated into DNA or RNA. |
| what is the most commonly used anticancer drug? | Methotrexate |
| What is drug is used to Tx psoriasis, rheulmatoid arthritis, & vatiety of cancers? | Methotrexate |
| What drug prevents Methotrexate from inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase 7 reverses allof its adverse effects excet neurotoxicitiy? | Leucovorin |
| Which antibiotic has a severe toxicity to heart? | Anthracyclines |
| Which antibiotic drug causes arrythmia? | Daunorubicin |
| Which antibiotic drug causes cardiotixcity, allopeica, bone marrow, & depression? | Doxorubicin |
| Which antibiotic drug protects cardiac muscle from anthracycline-induced- toxicity? | Dexrazoxane |
| Which antibiotic drug can cause fatal pulmonary fibrosis & extreme caution must be | Bleomycin |
| Which particular antibiotic drug Tx life-threatening hyperclacemia associated with malignancy | Plicamycin |
| What is the Vinca alkaloid that has bone marrow toxicity? | vincristine |
| What is the Vinca alkaloid that has neurological toxicity | vinblastine |
| What kind of tumors does the hormonal agents Tx ? | breast, prostate, & uterus |
| What is the goal of the hormonal agent? | reduce hormone level that stimulate growth of tumor & block hormone receptor |
| What is the difference between aromatase reaction and aromataste inhibitor? | The first increase synthesis of estrogen the latter decrease estrogen production (used in Tx of estrogen dependent breast cancer resistant tamoxifen.) |
| Names of aromatase inhibitors? | Anastrozole, Formestane,Letrozole |
| What is the first line agent in the Tx of estrogen receptor positive for breast cancer? | Tamoxifen |
| Names of aromatase inhibitors? | Anastrozole, Formestane,Letrozole |
| What kind of tumors does the hormonal agents Tx ? | breast, prostate, & uterus |
| GnRH Analog | Inhibit the release of FSH/LH thus reduce synthesis of androgen & estrogen |
| Drug used for mestastic prostatic cancer? | Leuprolide |
| What vaccine Tx UB carcinoma & IV use;It is non-specific stimulant of reticuloendothelial system? | Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (Causes inflammation) |
| NSAIDs | Inhibit Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX1) & decrease prostaglandin synthesis. |
| What kind of risk are seen with longterm use of COX2? | Increase risk of mycardial infarctions & strokes. |
| Indomethacin | non-specific, Use gout & patent drutus afteriosus (PDA) |
| COX-2 Inhibitors | specific, less side effects on GI |
| Rofecoxib | Off market caused strokes |
| Acetaminophen | Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS. mostly fevers, weak anti-inflammatory |
| Gold Salts | Good for anti-inflammatory |
| Infliximab | Ulcerative colitis(Contr Indi. in TB it makes latent TB active) |
| Gout | Uric acid leads to inflammation |
| Allopurinal | Decrease production of Uric Acid |
| Colchine | Acute attack of gout |
| Probenecid | Low uric acid elimination |
| Cyclosporine | Prevent & Tx transplanted organ rejection because it is a specific T cell inhibitor. |
| Cyclosporine side effect | nephro/neuro-toxicity, thromboembolism, & seizure |
| Azathioprine | Used in conjunction with cyclosporine to reduce the toxicity |
| Levamisole | Tx colon cancer |
Created by:
rhjordan
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