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Pedes: Chapter 37
TCC Pediatric Nursing from Wong Maternal Child
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| At what age would a child be able sit through meals, prefer to feed self & finger foods, able to grasp cup with thumb and forefinger, tilt cup rather than head? | 15 months |
| What age described: Appetite decreases. Improved control of spoon. Holds cup with both hands, spills less often | 18 months |
| At what age: Appetite fair to moderate. Clearly defined likes and dislikes. Accepts no help. | 24 months |
| At what age: Refusals and dislikes less evident. May hold cup & spoon like an adult. | 30 months |
| What age range is defined as toddler? | 12-36 months |
| What is the average weight increase of a toddler? | 4-6 lbs/ year |
| When should the birth weight be quadrupled? | 2.5 years |
| What is the average height increase of a toddler? | 3"/ year |
| Toddler growth is _____, rather than linear. | step-like (in spurts of growth) |
| What is acceptable visual acuity for a toddler? | 20/40 |
| When does a toddler develop voluntary control of elimination (sphincter control)? | 18- 24 months |
| What are some (3) common health issues with toddlers? | Upper respiratory infections, otitis media, and tonsillitis |
| At what age can a child throw a ball? | by 18 months |
| At what age does a child have marked improved manual dexterity? | 12-15 months |
| At what age does a child have marked improved coordination? | between 2-3 years |
| What Erickson stage is child in during toddlerhood? | autonomy VS shame & doubt |
| What is ritualism (define)? | Follow routines that make rituals of even simple tasks |
| Define dawdling: | Toddler is attempting to decide between following the wishes of the caregiver or asserting independence and following personal desires |
| Toddler's age of negativism: Assertion of individuality rather than intention to _____. | disobey |
| What Piaget/cognitive stage is a toddler in? | sensorimotor and preconceptual phase |
| At what age can a child recognize gender/sexual differences? | by 2 years |
| Define parallel play. (Common during toddlerhood.) | Plays alongside another child, but not with them. |
| What are some toys that help develop fine motor skills (at toddlerhood)? | thick crayons, finger paints, puzzles |
| True or False: Sharing should not be an issue until later toddlerhood. | TRUE |
| Discipline or Punishment: Penalizing someone for wrong-doing | PUNISHMENT |
| Discipline or Punishment:To train or instruct to produce a particular behavior pattern | DISCIPLINE |
| Discipline or Punishment:used to promote moral or mental improvement or self-control | DISCIPLINE |
| Which sphincter develops first? | rectal sphincter |
| Toilet training seldom occurs before ____ months. | 18-24 (months) |
| What are some clothing options to help toddlers dressing themselves? | Roomy clothes with easy buttons, large smooth zippers or Velcro |
| ___ are the leading cause of deaths of children ages 1-4 years. | Accidents |
| Many deaths from MVA’s can be prevented by ____. | proper use of restraints/ child safety seats. |
| Most _____ systems relatively mature by the end of toddlerhood. | physiologic |
| What "pattern of habit" can provide a sense of comfort & security? | ritualism |
| Define the preconceptual phase. | Transition between self-satisfying behavior & socialized relationships |
| At what age does the preconceptual phase begin? | 2 years |
| What are some special considerations regarding body image with toddlers? | refer to body parts by name & Avoid negative labels about physical appearance |
| What are some aspects of play that a toddler exhibits? | Parallel play, imitation of people around them, domestic mimicry, "play-house" |
| Some aspects of physical development in toddlers? | Teeth continue to erupt especially molars, growth has slowed considerably, mobility & communication improves, all senses increase in development, learns to stand & walk alone |
| In toddlerhood, does the child understand fully the concept of time? | No, concept is still embyonic. |
| True of False: If a toddler plays with their genitalia, their caregivers should be concerned. | FALSE: exploration of genitalia is common |
| Toddlers develop a sense of independence: what are some aspects of this? | they tend to test their independence limits, sense of self grows, these independent skills include feeding, dressing, & playing by self, in the process of developing these skills they may become tyrannical, strong-willed, or volatile |
| A toddler must have _____ control before s/he can be fully toilet trained. | voluntary |
| A toddler should be able to remain dry for at least ___ hours. | 2 |
| Complete control of the bladder (especially overnight) may not occur until ___ years. | 4-5 |
| What are some things caregivers can do to reduce complications with a new baby in the family? | intense preparation should be just before baby is born, refer to baby as OURS not MOMMY'S, allow sibling to participate in care as much as possible, give extra TLC to toddler, expect regression, difficulty, & jealousy |
| True or False: Regular dental care is not important for toddlers. | FALSE: regular dental care is important & a low cariogenic diet should be followed, along with flouride & plaque removal |
| What is the "phenomenon" called when a toddler has a decreased appetite? | physiologic anorexia |
| How much sleep should the toddler receive in their 1st year of toddlerhood? | 12-14 hours |
| How much sleep should a toddler need by age 3 (end of toddlerhood)? | 10-12 hours |
| ___ are an important part of bedtime. Give an example. | Rituals. Reading, bathtime, a snack, etc. |
| FACT: | Toddlerhood is an intense period of exploration. |
| What are some increased aspects of language for toddlers? | increased ability to understand words, increased level of comprehension, speak first few words |
| What are some considerations regarding discipline of a toddler? | limits should be communicated, set, & agreed upon by caregivers; consistency & timing are important; use positive wording |
| Toddlers should both have a preliminary dental visit & begin brushing their own teeth? | 2 years |
Created by:
RBJohn
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