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Soc Exam 2

Question	Answer
Two societies that find relationships based on history, being diffuse, and are long term	Horticultural and Agricultural Societies
One of the first theorists to argue that adoption of capitalism was responsible for the decline of traditional orientations to social life	Karl Marx
In _________ people are evaluated based on the "bottom line"	Industrial and Post-Industrial Societies
The early theorist who proposed religious beliefs were the key to whether or not a society embraces capitalism	Max Weber
The specific Protestant theology that influenced Max Weber's theories of social change and the development of The Spirit of Capitalism	Calvinism
The sociologist given credit for coining the concept of the McDonaldization of Society	George Ritzer
The experience of being cut off from the product of one's labor that results in a feeling of powerlessness	Alienation
The Boy Scouts, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the civic organizations, and all other organizations that people join because of mutual interest	Voluntary Associations
This sociologist developed the concept of the "Iron Law of Oligarchy"	Robert Michels
Domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite	Iron Law of Oligarchy
Analyst who pinpointed five ways in which Japanese corporations differ from those in the United States	William Ouchi
The violation of norms and rules that are written into law	Crimes
The relativity of deviance is most aligned with the _____________	Symbolic Interactionism perspective
Erving Goffman used the term _______ to refer to characteristics that discredit people	Stigma
A group's formal and informal means of enforcing the norms	Social Control
Explanations of deviance that focus on genetic predispositions to explain why individuals commit deviant acts are most aligned with the _________ discipline	Biology
Sociologist that developed the Differential Association Theory	Edwin Sutherland
The most likely background shared by juvenile delinquents is that _______________	they are from families that have a history of being involved with crime
Two disciplines that would be most concerned with addressing qualities within the individual to explain deviant behavior	Sociobiology and Psychology
Significance of names or reputations given to the people when they engage in certain types of behaviors is the focus of the ______ theory	Labeling
In every society from hunting and gathering society to the post-industrial society, _____ has been the most common basis for social stratification	Gender
The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige	Social Stratification
Slavery would most likely exist in ___________	Agricultural Society
Three major causes of slavery prior to the 17th century	Crime, debt, war
System of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement such as slavery	Ideology
In some societies, closely related members of the ruling class and those who are the wealthiest marry to preserve their power and wealth within the family. This practice is known as _________	Endogamy
Sociologist who believed that social class is actually made up of three components: property, power, prestige	Max Weber
The ability to control others, even over their objections	Power
Three variables that Max Weber identified as defining the social class	Wealth, power, and prestige
When used by sociologists, the term "wealth", refers to both ____________	property owned and income made by the person less debts
The average per capita annual income in the United States that includes every American is _______	$35,000 year
The sociologist who coined the term "the power elite"	C. Wright Mills
The class of people who are more likely to feel that the government should intervene in the economy to make citizens more financially secure	Working class
Party that usually consists of members who are from the upper class	Republican
The relationship between one's social class and their chances of being a victim of a crime	Inverse
Would be most affected by the export of American manufacturing jobs to Mexico and Pacific Rim nations	Lower Middle class
The upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next	Intergenerational mobility
The strongest variable in developing correlations to which social groups are in poverty	Race/Ethnicity
Gender is especially significant sociologically because ______________	it is a master status cutting across all aspects of life
The unequal access to power, prestige, and property based on a person's sex	Gender stratification
The notion of gender refers to a sociological characteristics, but the concept of sex refers to ________ characteristics	Biological
The normal chromosome configuration for a male	XY
Proposed the concept that women are much better prepared biologically for mothering than men	Alice Rossi
A group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguishes it from another group	Race
The massacre of Native Americans in the 1800's, the extermination of the Jews in Nazi Germany, and the slaughter of the Tutsis in Rwanda	Genocide
Ashley Montagu, a physical anthropologist, classified humans into ____ different racial groups	40
While race might reflect our biological heritage, ______ reflects our cultural heritage	Ethnicity
Used to define groups of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination	Minority Group
Used to describe the concept that America is a melting pot	Ethnic Stew
The concept that refers to the use of labels which cause people to look at a members of a group as though they were all alike	Selective Perception

Created by: allison8988

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