click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ahenrique-Digestive
"Digestive" Terms and Definitions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
nutrition | the process of obtaining raw materials from food |
ingestion | the act of eating food or drinking; the first stage of food processing |
digestion | mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into molecules small enough for absorption; the second stage of food processing |
absorption | uptake of small nutrient molecules; the third stage of food processing |
elimination | passage of undigested material from the digestive tract; the fourth stage of food processing |
alimentary canal | digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus |
saliva | liquid secreted into the mouth that contains mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical digestion |
bolus | chewed clump of food that leaves the mouth and travels through the alimentary canal |
pharynx | the junction in the throat of the alimentary canal and the trachea |
esophagus | muscle-encased tube of the alimentary canal that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach |
peristalsis | series of smooth muscle contractions that push food through the alimentary canal |
stomach | elastic, muscular sac where some chemical and some mechanical digestion take place |
chyme | liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids released from the stomach into the small intestine |
small intestine | long, narrow tube where digestion is completed and most absorption occurs |
liver | largest organ in the body; performs many functions such as producing bile, storing glucose as glycogen, and transforming ammonia to urea |
gallbladder | organ that stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine |
pancreas | gland that makes digestive enzymes and secretes them into the small intestine; makes the hormones insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood |
villus | fingerlike projection of the inner surface of the small intestine that functions in absorbing nutrients |
large intestine | portion of the alimentary canal from which water is reabsorbed into the body |
feces | undigested food material and other waste products that exit the body through the anus |