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chapter 3 science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? | They have opposite equations (together, they form a cycle) |
| What is happening during respiration | Glucose is broken down, releasing energy |
| What happens during stage 1 of respiration | Molecules of glucose are broken down into even smaller molecules, releasing small amounts of energy. |
| Where does stage 1 of respiration occur | it happens in the cytoplasm |
| What are the raw materials for respiration | glucose and oxygen |
| what are the products of respiration | Carbon dioxide and water |
| What is happening during photosynthesis | The cell uses energy in sunlight to make food |
| What does photosynthesis produce | Oxygen and sugar |
| What is the pigment in chloroplasts that captures light energy | chlorophyll |
| What is the cell cycle | The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo |
| In what order do the stages in the cell cycle occur | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis |
| which stages of the cell cycle are parts of mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT) |
| What state of the cell cycle comes after mitosis | Cytokinesis |
| What happens during each stage one of the cell cycle | Interphase – cell grows, copies DNA, prepares to divide |
| at which stage of the cell cycle does the cytoplasm divide | cytokinesis |
| what happens during cytokinesis in animal cells | Two new daughter cells are formed |
| What are chromatids | Identical strands of chromosomes |
| what do chromatids contain | DNA |
| during mitosis, what forms around the chromatids | Two new nuclei form around the chromosomes at the two ends of the cell |
| What element is found in all organic compounds | Carbon |
| What type of organic compounds are sugars and starches | Carbohydrates |
| what type of organic compounds are DNA and RNA | Nucleic Acids |
| what do enzymes do | Speed up chemical reactions |
| what is active transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy. |
| what is passive transport | The movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy. |
| what is formed when two or more elements combine chemically | A compound |
| what is osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| what is diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| what important role does water play for a cell | Most chemical reactions in cells require water |
| What happens during stage 2 of the cell cycle | Mitosis – the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei |
| What happens during stage 3 of the cell cycle | Cytokinesis – the cytoplasm divides |
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