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Alexander the Great

TermDefinition
Arrian is our primary source for Alexander in this course. He based his Anabasis on the works of Ptolemy and Aristobolis. First half second century AD.
Alexandria Founded in 331: Alexander’s remains interred here.
Aornos Hilltop settlement: thought that Herakles himself failed to capture it. Captured by Alexander in 326.
Babylon One of the Persian capitals; place of Alexander’s death.
Bactria Northeastern region of the Persian empire; final holdouts to Alexander’s conquest.
Gedrosia Desert region through which Alexander took his troops in 325: many of the soldiers died.
Gordium Gordian knot
Hellespont Crossing point between Europe and Asia minor: used by Xerxes 150 years prior to Alexander (480/334).
Persepolis One of the Persian capitals, central palace of which Alexander is said to have destroyed in a fire.
Siwah Location of oracle of Ammon
Susa One of the Persian capitals. Susa marriages in 324.
Tyre Phoenician city thought to be impregnable as was located on an island; conquered by Alexander after a seven-month siege in 333.
Cleitus Close friend of Alexander. Saved Alexander’s life at Granicus. Alexander killed him when a drunken quarrel got out of hand. Arrian commends Alexander for his very human regret over this.
Coenus A high-ranking officer who spoke for the troops when they did not want to continue east, at the Hyphasis mutiny 325.
Craterus Second-in-command following Parmenio’s death. Lead the veterans home and assumed command of Greece and Macedon in place of Antipater. Died in the wars of the Successors.
Hephaestion Alexander’s closest friend. Died in 324 and accorded rites of heroic worship; grieved extremely by Alexander.
Nearchus Friend of Alexander’s most notable for leading the navy along the coast of Gedrosia.
Parmenio Philip, then Alexander’s, right-hand-man until 331, when given a lesser command; assassinated in 330 following the execution of his son, Philotas. Recorded in our narrative by Quintus Curtius.
Perdiccas Close friend of Alexander. Regent to Alexander IV and Philip III, but lost power during wars of succession.
Philotas Son of Parmenio: executed for suspicion of conspiring against Alexander.
Porus Alexander’s last great opponent; defeated at the Hydaspes. Given a position of power by Alexander.
Ptolemy Friend of Alexander: one of the successors, ruled over Egypt. Longest surviving dynasty ending with Cleopatra V.
Alexandria Founded in 331: Alexander’s remains interred here.
Aornos Hilltop settlement: thought that Herakles himself failed to capture it. Captured by Alexander in 326.
Babylon One of the Persian capitals; place of Alexander’s death.
Bactria Northeastern region of the Persian empire; final holdouts to Alexander’s conquest.
Gedrosia Desert region through which Alexander took his troops in 325: many of the soldiers died.
Gordium Gordian knot
Hellespont Crossing point between Europe and Asia minor: used by Xerxes 150 years prior to Alexander (480/334).
Persepolis One of the Persian capitals, central palace of which Alexander is said to have destroyed in a fire.
Siwah Location of oracle of Ammon
Susa One of the Persian capitals. Susa marriages in 324.
Tyre Phoenician city thought to be impregnable as was located on an island; conquered by Alexander after a seven-month siege in 333.
Battle of Chaeronea, 338 Alexander and Philip defeated Athens and Thebes, ending opposition in Greece. Alexander, in charge of cavalry, first important battle.
Battle of Granicus, 334 Battled at Granicus rather than Hellespont. Alexander defeated the Persian troops and gained control of Asia Minor. Following this, Alexander secured the coastal cities to render the Persian fleet useless.
Battle of Issus, 333 Alexander defeats the Persian army, this time led by Darius. Darius flees but Alexander captures his family.
Battle of Tyre, 332 After a seven-month siege, Alexander captures the island city.
Battle of Guagamela, 331 Final battle with Darius, who again fled.
Battle of Aornos Rock, 327 Herakles was said to have failed to capture this city; Alexander did.
Battle of Hydaspes, 326 Alexander’s last great challenge in the Persian empire, led by Porus.
Battle of Malli, 325 A narrow victory: Alexander’s near-fatal arrow wound.
Created by: kaiti91
 

 



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