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immunology quiz 4
immunology quiz 4 - CLLS-316
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ASO | individual test for anti-streptolysin O, neutralization procedure |
| Streptolyzyme kit | tests for anti-streptolysin O, anti-DNASE, anti-hyaluronidise, & anti-streptokinase |
| HIV types of testing | western blot, Gp24 antigen test, CD4 Tcells, viral load testing |
| Streptococcal testing | ASO and Streptozyme |
| Western blot | gold standard/confirmation |
| Gp24 antigen testing | donors |
| Epstein Barr | Paul Bunnell, heterophile antibody, Anti-VCA, EA, EBNA |
| Autoimmune diseases | occur from breakdown of Self-tolerance maybe systematic or organ specific |
| SLE - Systemic lupus erythematosus | antibody=anti-DNA-many type systemic disease of chronic inflammation alternating exacerbations and remissions Diagnostic - butterfly rash, LE cells ANA test, FANA test - basic principle |
| RA - Rheumatoid Arthritis | antibody= IgM against Fc portion of IgG - IgM/IgG complexes degenerative joint disease - systemic lab testing - Latex agglutination for Rheumatoid factor |
| MG - Myasthenia Gravis | neuromuscular, antibody to ACH receptors causes fatigue of skeletal muscles |
| MS - Multiple Sclerosis | T cells attack myelin, B cells produce anti-myelin antibodies demyelating disease of CNS lab testing - IgG index, Immunologic tests for anti-myelin antibodies |
| Grave's disease | TSI - Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin "bulging eyes",diffuse goiter,hyperthyroidism |
| Hashimoto's disease | antithyroglobulin antibodies, hypothyroidism, goiter |
| Type I diabetes mellitus | Islet antibodies - against Beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas Cause lack of insulin production and hyperglycemia might be triggered by Coxsackie virus |
| Hypersensitivity | has 2 phases Sensitization and Effector and has 4 types |
| Sensitization | first exposure, exposure to small amount of antigen |
| effector | second exposure to antigen |
| Type I (Atopic & Anaphylactic)Hypersensitivity | IgE mediated, mast cells release granules, anaphalaxis, Wheal and Flare reaction, Lab tests - RAST, in vivo skin tests |
| Type II (cytotoxic)Hypersensitivity | IgG or IgM mediated, activates complement, hemolytic reactions - transfusion,HDN, autoimmune Lab testing - DAT |
| Type III (immune complex)Hypersensitivity | IgG or IgM mediated, activates complement, soluble antigen, arthus, serum sickness Lab tests - latex agglutination, fluorescent staining |
| Type IV (T cell dependent)Hypersensitivity | delayed hypersensitivity, immunoglobulin and complement not involved, T-cells and macrophages mediate, PPD test - mantoux skin test |
| Immunoproliferative diseases | defect in regulation - malignancies - lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, Waldenstroms |
| Immunodeficiencies | Neutrophillic defects - CGD - oxygen deficient for killing -NBT test Leukocyte Adhesion - CD 11 and CD 18 proteins |
| Goodpasture's syndrome | noncollagenous protein in basement membranes of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli. complement & Fc receptor-mediated inflammation. Nephritis, lung hemorrhages. |
| Pernicious anemia | Neutralization of intrinsic factor, decreased absorption of vitamin B12. Abnormal erythropoiesis, anemia |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | opsonization & phagocytosis of erythrocytes, hemolysis and anemia |
| Autoimmune(Idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura | opsonization & phagocytosis of platelets, bleeding. |
| pemphigus vulgaris | antibody-mediated activation of proteases, disruption of intercellular adhesions, skin vesicles (bullae) |
| NBT - nitroblue tetrazoliun | the dye that neutrophil's reduce. How to diagnose CGD. |
| malignancy | excess accumulation of cells, failure to regulate, chromosome mutations. |
| Lymphocyte malignancies | lymphomas and leukemias |
| Lymphoma | Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkins |
| Leukemia | acute and chronic |
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma | presence of Reed Sternberg cells, highly treatable, often curable, young adults & elderly |
| Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma | B cell lymphoma (85%), T cell lymphomas |
| ALL - Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia | poorly differentiated precursor cells (blast), can be divided in types T cell, B cell, non T/non B cell |
| CLL - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Lymphoma | almost exclusively B cell origin, CLL, PLL, HCL |
| Plasma Cellulinemia Malignancies | Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia |
| Multiple Myeloma | malignancy of mature plasma cells, produce paraproteins |
| Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia | malignant proliferation of IgM-producing lymphocytes, produce paraproteins |
| Hep A Serology | RNA virus- Picornovirus, oral-fecal, presence of IgM antibodies(acute), most often detected by ELISA |
Created by:
pamela18
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