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10thBioCell structur
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the life functions | ingestion Digestion Photosynthesisis respiration Organism absorption Circulation Regulation Reproduction |
| What is the sum of all life functions but is not a life function | Metabolism |
| what is Homeostasis | balance state and it is controlled by lifes functions (Regulation) |
| what is Photosynthesis | the way plants make food (glucose) |
| what do we call Photosynthesis | anabolic process |
| Photosynthesis | Autotrophic -organisms that can make C6 H12O6 from with in with the help of light energy, h20/nutrients,CO2 |
| Chemosynthesis define it | to make food using chemicals |
| Humans are what | heterotrophic |
| What is the Scientific Method | A series of several steps and pathways that are used to solve a problem |
| step 1 of Scientific Method | Define the problem |
| Step 2 of the Scientific Method | form an Hypothesis |
| Step 3 of the Scientific Method | Develop a controlled Experiment |
| Define the Validity of an Experiment | When an experiment is reproducible it can be performed multiple times by different scientists. |
| What is a control group Vs an Experiment Group | The Control is the group in which variables have not been changed. the experimental group is the group in which one variable has been changed. This is the variable which is being tested. |
| Define the Independent Variable | (scientist has control over this) This group will be compared to the control group to see if the independent variable has a measurable effect on the dependent variable. |
| what is in an Experiment | Procedure the precise numbered steps that the scientist follows |
| Next step in the scientific method | Analyze the data and draw conclusios |
| What is the Variable group | the group you are changing |
| Variables define them | Independent variable/ dependent variable |
| define what an Independent variable | what is being changed EXP(need more water) |
| Dependent Variable | what we are measuring (size) |
| define the types of data | qualitative Quantitative |
| Define Quantitative Data | number measure |
| Define Qualitative | descriptive statement Mr. Mrs. Round |
| define Organelles | Little Organs |
| Define the function of the cell Membrane | boundary surrounds the cell. regulates the materials that enter and exit the cell. Selectively Semi permeable Controls the movement (transport) of material in and out of cell. |
| True or false the Cell membrane keeps the internal conditions constant (homeostasis) | True |
| True or false both plant and animal cells have a cell wall / membrane | True |
| describe the structure of Cell membrane | Phospholipid Bilayer- Two layer structure composed of Lipids (fats),proteins and Carbohydrates |
| what is the Phospholipid bilayer composed off | Phospholipids are composed of Hydrophillic Head (likes water) Hydrophobic Tail (does not like water) |
| What regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also Protects and supports the cell | the cell membrane |
| what does it mean to be hydrophobic | water hating |
| what does it mean to be hydrophilic | water loving |
| when the lipids including phospholipids that are common in animal cell membranes are mixed with water their hydrophobic fatty acid "tails " cluster together while their hydrophilic "heads" are attracted to water | |
| what does it mean when something is selectively permeable. | it means that some substances can pass across them and others can not. Selective permeable membrane |
| what does solubility mean | the ability for something to dissolve |
| fluid mosaic Model | a lot of pieces put togther |
| where does the cytoplasm exist. | between the nucleus and plasma membrane |
| what is another name for Cytoplasm | Cytosol |
| protoplasm(jelly-like material) located inside the cell bounded by the cell membrane is called | cytoplasm |
| what supports &keeps the organelles in suspension | cytoplasm |
| what is the process of movement of the cytoplasm around the cell. | Cyclosis |
| cell metabolism takes place where | in cytoplasm |
| life functions take place where | in the cytoplasm. |
| Vacuole what is its function | storage space or sack like structure in cytoplasm. Stores proteins water salts and carbohydrates |
| Vacuole can be found in | found in some unicellular organisms and some animal ex paramecium= animal contains organelles called contractile Vacuole |
| Contractole Vacuole function is what | by contracting rhythmically this specialized vacuole pumps excess water out of the cell. |
| Nearly all Eukaryote cells contain smaller membranes enclosed structures called | vesicles. |
| Vesicles function is to.... | store and move materials between cell organelles as well as to and from the cell surface. |
| Nucleus what is its function | Control Center of the Cell. "information Central" |
| what does the Nucleus contain | DNA and with it Coded instructins for making protiens and other materials |
| which cells contain NO nuclues | Prokaryotic cells |
| Prokaryotic cells | contain no nucleus but do have DNA floating around with the same kind of instructions |
| Nucleus is surrounded by what | Nucleur envelope composed of two membranes |
| describe the Nucleur envelope | is dotted w thousands of nucleur pores. This allows material to move into and out of the nucleus. Example(like messages, instructions blueprints moving in and out of the schools main office. |
| what is there a steady stream of that moves through the nucleur pores to and from the rest of the cell. | RNA, Protein and other molecules move through the nucleur pores to and from the rest of the cell. |
| what is the function of the Nucleolus | "little Nucleus" Dark dense area inside the nucleus Helps with protein synthesis making protein. |
| define the Nucleolus | small dense region inside the nucleus. non membrane bound Ribosomes are made here. |
| where are Ribosomes made | in the Nucleolus |
| what are Ribosomes for | Protein Systhesis (building) |
| Ribosomes are what | protein factories |
| Ribosomes contain | Ribosomal RNA rRNA and protein |
| where are Ribosomes found | freely suspended in the cytoplasm also bound to the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum ER describe it | Internal membrane system this is where the lipid(fat)components of the CELL MEMBRANE are built or made along with proteins RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS THROUGH THE CELL. |
| DESCRIBE THE ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULM OR ROUGH ER | OUTER SURFACE OF THE MEMBRANE IS LINED WITH TINY RIBOSOMES. THIS IS THE SITE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
| WHY IS THE ROUGH ER THE SIGHT FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS | BECAUSE OFTHE PRESENCE OF RIBOSOMES |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE PROTEINS AFTER THEY ARE SYNTHESIZED | THEY MOVE DIRECTLY INTO THE ROUGH ER TO BE CHEMICALLY MODIFIED. |
| WHAT IS A FUNCTION OF THE ROUGH ER | TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS INTO THE CYTOPLASM |
| SMOOTH ER DESCRIBE IT | LACKS RIBOSOMES HAS SEVERAL FUNCTIONS |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SMOOTH ER | BUILD STEROID HORMONES AND OTHER LIPIDS CONNECT THE ROUGH ER TO THE GOLGI APPARATUS |
| NAME ANOHTER FUNCTION OF THE SMOOTH ER | DETOXIFIES THE CELL AND CARBOHYRDRATE METABOLISM |
| WHAT ORGAN IN THE BODY PLAYS THE ROLE OF DETOXIFYING AND HAS ALOT OF SMOOTH ER IN IT | THE LIVER |
| GOLGI APPARATUS BODIES DEFINE IT | THEY ARE FLATTENED MEMBRANE STACK LOCATED NEAR THE NUCLUES |
| WHAT ARE THE GOLGI BODIES RESPONSIBLE FOR | MODIFYING,PACKING, AND STORING SUBSTANCES PRODUCED IN THE ROUGH ER |
| THE GOLBI BODIES | SORT AND PACKAGE AND MODIFY PROTIENS AND OTHER MATERIALS FROM THE ER. FOR STORAGE IN THE CELL OR RELEASE OUTSIDE THE CELL. THIS IS WHERE THE PROTEIN GETS THE FINISHING TOUCHES ON IT AND SHIPPED TO THEIR FINAL DESTINATION INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE CELL. |
| WHAT ARE THE ORGANELLES THAT CAPTURE AND RELEASE ENERGY | MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLAST |
| MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLAST DO WHAT | CHANGE ENERGY FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER |
| CHLOROPLAST DEFINE IT | Are the biological equivalentsC of solar power plants they capture the energy in a process called photosynthesis it contains two membranes which contain the green pigment chlorophyll. |
| what do you call the green pigment in Choloplast that aid in Photo syntheisis | Chlorophyll. |
| Mitochondria is known as the what | power house of the cell It converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are move convient forms of energy for cells to use. Energy -> ATP |
| what is the Mitochondria the sight for | Cellular Respiration releases energy in food molecules used by the cells |
| what does Mitochondria use this energy for | to power ,growth and development and movement |
| how many membranes does the Mitochondria have | two membranes 1. Outer and one inner |
| describe the inner membrane of the mitochondria | folded in a CRISTAC (large surface area for reactions to occur) |
| In humans where do all of our mitochondria's come from | the cytoplasm of the Ovum or egg cell. |
| true or false both the mitochondria and cholorplasts contain their own genetic information in the form of small DNA molecules | TRUE. |
| TRUE OR FALSE ANIMAL CELLS DONT HAVE CELL WALLS | TRUE |
| TRUE OR FALSE MANY ORGANISMS HAVE CELL WALLS IN ADDITION TO CELL MEMBRANES | TRUE |
| DEFINE MAIN FUNCTIN OF THE CELL WALL | TO SUPPORT ,SHAPE AND PROTECT THE CELL. |
| TRUE OR FALSE MOST PROKARYOTS AND MANY EUKARYOTES HAVE CELL WALLS | TRUE |
| CELL WALLS ARE ONLY FOUND IN WHAT TYPE OF CELLS | PLANTS |
| WHAT ARE THE CELL WALLS COMPOSED OFF | CELLULOSE POLYSACCHARIDES |
| MOST CELL WALLS ALLOW FOR THE TRANSPORT OF SOME MATERIALS called. | WATER OXYGEN CO2 AND OTHER SUBSTANCES |
| TRUE OR FALSE ANIMAL CELLS DONT HAVE CELL WALLS | TRUE |
| TRUE OR FALSE MANY ORGANISMS HAVE CELL WALLS IN ADDITION TO CELL MEMBRANES | TRUE |
| DEFINE MAIN FUNCTIN OF THE CELL WALL | TO SUPPORT ,SHAPE AND PROTECT THE CELL. |
| TRUE OR FALSE MOST PROKARYOTS AND MANY EUKARYOTES HAVE CELL WALLS | TRUE |
| CELL MEMBRANES / PLASMA MEMBRANE DEFINE IT | FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS IT IS A THING AND FLEXIBLE BARRIER AROUND THE CELL. SEPARATED THE CELL FROM THE SURROUNDING ENVIRNMENT. IT IS SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE WHICH MEANS CONTROLS THE MOVEMENT (TRANSPORT) OF MATERIAL IN AND OUT OF CELL |
| what does it mean to be selectively permeable? | controls what goes in and out of something. |
| cell membranes keep internal conditions constant what is this called | Homeostasis |
| describe the structure of a cell membrane | they are made up of a membranes that contain a double layered sheet called a lipid layer. |
| the structure of a cell membranes contain what | a Phospholipid Bilayer. |
| define a phospholipid bilayer that is found in a cell membrane | two layers of phospholipids composed of Hydrophilic (head) they like water and the Hydrophobic (tail) does not like water |
| Inside the membrane consists of | proteins (transport) control of movement of substances through the membrane ex. water, dissolved lipids alcohol, co2 oxygen. |
| in the cell membrane how does protein function or what is its role | Protein acts as recepters, binding sites for chemical messages. some proteins act as ezymes. |
| who was Anton Van Leeownhack | constructed a simple microscope (one lense) that could magnify objects over 270x. first to see microorganisms such as bacteria protozoa and yeast |
| Robert Hooke | constructed the compound microscope by combining two lenses. he viewed cork and coined the term "Cell" from his observations |
| Henry Dutrochet | proposed that all living things are made of cells |
| Robert brown | identified and named the nucleus in a plant cell. |
| Matthias Schleiden | Studied living tissues under compound microscopes . determined that plants are comprised of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | he concluded that all animals are comprised of cells |
| Robert Virchow | he was a pathologist who studied Cell reproduction. He stated that all living cells originate from pre existing cells. |
| define the cell theory | all living things are comprised of cells |
| the cell is defined as .... | the basic unit of structure and function of all living things |
| in the cell theory all cells arise from what | pre-existing living cells NOT from non living matter. |
| what is the exception to the cell theory | Viruses are not comprised of cells. |
| a virus- contains what | genetic material and reproducible inside a host cell. |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF A EUKARYOTES | CHARACTERISTICS SIZE NUCLUES ORGANELLES |
| EUKARYOTES | GENERALLY LARGER AND MORE COMPLEX THAN PROKARYOTE CELLS CONTAIN DOZES OF STRUCTURES AND INTERNAL MEMBRANES HIGHLY SPECIALIZED. HAS A NUCLUES |
| IN THE EUKARYOTES | THE NUCLUES SEPARATES THE GENETIC MATERIAL FROM THE REST OF THE CELL. |
| EURKARYOTES VS PROKARYOTES | EUKARYOTES ARE LARGER HAVE A NUCLUES AND HAVE ORGANELLS SURROUNDED BY MEMBRANES |
| PROKARYOUTES HAVE.... | NO NUCLUES NO ORGANELLS ARE SMALL 1-10MM CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOMES. |
| EUKARYOTES CONSIST OF ALL CELLS OTHER THAN | BACTERIA AND ARCHEA. CONSIST OF MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES LARGER MORE SPECIALIZED CELLS (10-100MM) |
| WHAT IS CHROMATIN | IS A GRANULAR MATERIAL INSIDE THE NUCLEUS |
| WHAT IS A CHROMATIV NETWORK COMPRISED OF | DNA BOUND TO HISTONES (A SPECIAL PROTEIN) |
| CHROMATIN CONDENSES TO WHAT DURING CELL DIVISION | CHROMOSOMES DURING CELL DIVISION. |
| WHAT DO CHROMOSOMES CONTAIN | DNA (DEXOYRIBONYCLEIC ASID)- GENETIC INFORMATION. |
| WHAT CONTROLS MOST OF THE CELL PROCESSES | THE NUCLEUS |
| THE NUCLEUS IS THE CONTROL CENTER FOR .... | METABOLISIM AND REPRODUCTION. |
| WHAT TYPE OF NETWORK DOES THE NUCLEUS CONTAIN | A CHROMATIN NETWORK |
| IN THE NUCLEUS WHAT ALLOWS LARGE OR MACRO MOLECULES TO PASS THROUGH | THE PORES |
| WHAT IS THE SITE FOR PROTIENS SYNTHESISEZED OR BUILT | THE ROUGH ER BECAUSE OF THE PRESENSE OF RIBOSOMES THAT SYNTHEISIZE PROTEINS. |
| WHAT IS A lYSOSOME | A LYSOSOME IS A MEMBRANE BOUND SAC OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES (ENZYMES THAT DIGEST MACROMOLECULES. |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMES | BREAK DOWN FOOD PARITICLS (LIPID CARBS AND PROTIENS) |
| HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES CARRY OUT APOPTOSIS WHAT IS APOPTOSIS | (PROGRAMED CELLULAR DEATH) |
| LYSOSOMES ARE THE MAIN LOCATION OF WHAT | INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION. IT CONTINUOUSLY BREAKS DOWN AND RECYCLES PARTS. THS LYSOSOMES BREAKS DOWN ORGANELLES THAT HAVE OUT LIVED THEIR USEFULNESS. |
| WHAT IS THIS AN EXAMPLE OF ANIMO ACIDS FORM PROTIENS A | SYNTHEISIS |
| WHAT IS THIS AN EXAMPLE OF SUGARS TOGETHER FORM CARBOHYDREATES | SYNTHEISIS |
| WHAT DO YOU CALL THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING ENERGY FROM FOOD INTO USABLE FORM OF ATP | RESPIRATION |
| WHERE DOES CHEMICAL RESPIRATION OCCUR | IN THE CELL. |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF TRANSPORT | IS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM |
| DEFINE TRANSPORT | IS THE LIFE PROCESS INVOLVED WITH THE CIRCULATION AND Absorption of materials into cells in take and distribution of materials throughout an organism. the cytoplasm of the cell transports materials with in a cell. |
| what are the characteristics of life | living organisms share the following qualities Nutrition Digestion ingestion Egestion. |
| what are two ways to make nutrition | Autotrophic Heterotrophic. |
| what are examples of Autotrophic nutrition | Chemosyntheisis and Photosynthesisis |
| what is Heteroptrophic Nutrition | Living things must take in food they cannot make their own food. |
| what are the three parts of the cell theory | 1. All organisms are composed of cells 2. cell are the base unit of structure and function of all living organisms. 3.cells come from pre existing cells |
| what are the 3 exceptions to the cell Theory | Virus's endosymbiosis theory where the first cell came from. |
| Which instrument was used in the 18th and 19th centuries and helped scientists develop the cell theory | light microscope |
| why are viruses considered an exception to the cell theory | because they normally reproduce only in the host cell. |
| what does metabolism include | nutrition synthesis and excretion. |
| the life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to | absorb and distribute materials. |
| what does excretion do | it is the removal of the undigested waste from the body |
| the correct order of nutritional process of this food | ingestion-> digestion->absorption->egestion. |
| what is the function of the Golgi body | to package materials and carbohydrate synthesis. |
| what does the Golgi body look like | stack of membranes |
| all organelles are in cytoplasm except for what | the nucleus |
| what is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus | cytoplasm. |
| what type of cells don't have nucleus | Prokaryotic cell |
| what contains all the cell DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules | Nucleus |
| does a prokaryotic cell have DNA | yes even though it doesn't have a nucleus |
| what carries the cells genetic information | Chromosomes they are spread throughout the Nucleus in the form of CHROMATIN |
| WHAT CAPTURES THE ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT AND CONVERT IT INTO FOOD THAT CONTAINS CHEMICAL ENERGYIN A PROCESS CALLED PHOTOSYNTHEISIS | CHLOROPLASTS |
| IN CHLOROPLAST THERE IS TWO MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND IT. INSIDE THE ORGANELLE ARE LARGE STACKS OF OTHER MEMBRANES WHICH CONTAIN A GREEN PIGMENT CALLED | CHLOROPHYLL. |
| WHAT TWO ORGANELLES CONTAIN THEIR OWN GENETIC INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF SMALL DNA MOLECULES | CHLOROPLASTS AND MITOCHONDRIA. |
| WHAT DOES THE MITOCHONDRIA DO | IT CONVERTYS CHEMICAL ENERGY STORED IN FOOD INTO A FORM THAT CAN BE USED EASILY BY THE CELL. |
| WHERE ARE CENTRIOLES (CENTROSOMES) FOUND | ONLY IN ANIMALS CELLS ORGANIZE CELL DIVISION |
| WHERE ARE CENTRIOLES LOCATED | NEAR THE NUCLEUS THEY HELP TO ORGANIZE CELL DIVSION. |
| WHAT IS A PLASTID | ANY STRUCTURE THAT CONTAINS A PIGMENT |
| CENTRIOLES (CENTROSOME) FORM RIGHT ANGLES THEY ARE BUNDLES OF FIBERS THAT HELP IN CELL DIVISION.WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED | IN THE CYTOPLASM JUST OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS |
| WHERE ARE CONTRACTILE VACUOLES FOUND | ONLY IN ONE CELLED ANIMAL CELLS |
| CONTRACTILE VACUOLES ARE FOUND WHERE | IN UNICELLULAR ANIMALS LIKE PROTOZOA |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE | COLLECTS AND PUMPS OUT EXCESS WATER TO PREVENT A CELL FROM EXPLODING |
| WEHRE CAN YOU SEE A CONTRACTILE VACUOLE GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A ONE CELL ANIMAL CELL | PARAMECIUM |
| CYTO SKELETON OF A CELL | SUPPORT TO THE CELL |
| MICROTUBULES | HOLLOW |
| MICROFILAMENTS WHAT ARE THEY | |
| WHAT ARE THE ORGANELLES THAT BUILD PROTEINS | RIBOSOMES AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULM GOLGI APPARATUS |
| WHERE DO VESSICLES IN CELLS BUD FROM | THE ER |
| WHAT DO THE VESSICLES FROM THE ER DO | CARRY PROTEINS PRODUCED BY THE RIBOSOMES TO THE GOLGI BODY FROM THE ER THER THE GOLGI BODY MODIFIES SORTS AND PACKAGES PROTEINS AND OTHER MATERIALS FROM THE ER FOR STORAGE IN THE CELL OR RELEASE THEM OUTSIDE THE CELL. |
| WHAT ARE THE ORGELLES THAT CAPTURE AND RELEASE ENERGY | CHLOROPLAST MITOCHONDRIA |
| WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE | SERVE AS A BARRIER THAT KEEPS ITS PRODUCTS SAFE AND SECURE |
| WHO HAS A CELL MEMBRANE | MANY PROKAROTES AND EUKAROTES |
| WHAT IS A CELL MEMBRANE MADE UP OF | A DOUBLE-LAYERED SHEET CALLED A LIPID LAYER |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LIPID LAYER IN A CELL MEMBRANE | TO GIVE A FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE THAT FORMA A STRONG BARRIER BETWEEN THE CELL AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. |
| THE FUNCTION OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IS WHAT | TO REGULATE WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL AND ALSO PROTECTS AND SUPPORTS CELL. |
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