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Middle East History
Modern History of the Middle East - 1st Quarter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ottoman Empire | Large empire that at one time controlled most of the territory around the Mediterranean Sea; it broke apart after WWI |
| World War I | 1914-1918 war between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers |
| Central Powers | The alliance of Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations |
| Border lines | Boundaries that were redrawn by Britain and France after WWI in the former Ottoman Empire |
| Ethnic group | A group identified on the basis of religion, race, or national origin |
| Religious group | A group with similar religious beliefs |
| Kurds | Ethnic group that lives in the mountains of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria; they were divided up after WWI |
| Palestine | Territory, predominantly held by Arabs, that is now contained by the State of Israel |
| Jews | Group of people who are both an ethnic group and a religious group and follow the teachings of the Torah |
| Zionism | The movement to unite persecuted Jews and settle them in Palestine |
| Anti-Semitism | The hatred of Jews simply because they practiced the Jewish faith |
| Holocaust | Time when 6 million Jews were killed in concentration camps |
| Jerusalem | Capital of Israel; city with sites considered holy by all 3 prominent monotheistic religions |
| Judaism | One of the 3 prominent religions in the Middle East; its teachings are found in the Torah |
| Christianity | One of the 3 prominent religions in the Middle East; its teachings are found in the Bible |
| Islam | One of the 3 prominent religions in the Middle East; its teachings are found in the Quran/Koran |
| United Nations | Organization formed after WWII; group who made the decision to create the State of Israel |
| Refugees | People who are displaced during a conflict; people forced to move out of their homeland to avoid conflict |
| Arab-Israeli | Ongoing conflict over the creation of the state of Israel and the control of territory between Palestinian Arabs and Iraeli Jews |
| Kuwait | Country invaded by Iraq for its oil reserves and its location along the Persian Gulf |
| Saddam Hussein | Leader of Iraq who invaded Kuwait during the Persian Gulf War |
| Persian Gulf | Body of water off the coast of Kuwait used for shipping oil around the world |
| Operation Desert Storm | Time when the US and other members of a coalition came to the aid of Kuwait to remove the Iraqi invaders |
| Taliban | Muslim fundamentalists that took control of the government of Afghanistan and enacted Shariah Law and treated its citizens harshly (especially women) |
| Al Qaeda | Extremist group that practices terrorism; organized the attack on the United States in 2001 |
| September 11th, 2001 | Date when the United States was attacked by terrorists using hijacked airplanes |
| Osama bin Laden | Former leader of Al Qaeda; led the 9/11 attack |
| Afghanistan | Country where the Taliban and Al Qaeda were once based |
| Pakistan | Country next to Afghanistan where many Al Qaeda members fled after the US troops came into Afghanistan |
| Operation Iraqi Freedom | US war in Iraq to help establish their new democracy and to prevent the development of chemical and nuclear weapons |
| Democracy | The practice of voting in elections for leaders of a country |
| Sunni | One sect of Islam found mainly in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon |
| Shia/Shiite | One sect of Islam mainly found in Iran |
| Shariah/Sharia Law | Law based strictly on the teachings of Islam |
| Extremist | One who holds especially political views that deviate drastically from traditional beliefs |
| Fundamentalist | One who follows religious teachings very rigidly and strictly |
| Nationalism | The idea that countries are most successful if the people who live there share some common cultural, historical, or religious beliefs |
| Great Britain | Country granted authority to govern Palestine after World War I |
| 1948 | The year the State of Israel was established |
| Britain and France | The 2 European countries that divided the Middle East into countries after WWI |
Created by:
MrsRidley
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