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Bio101 Chpt 8
Biology Chapter 8 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A fragment of chromosome 21 reattaches to chromosome 21, but in the reverse direction. What is the name given to this change? | inversion |
| What is the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids? | Crossing Over |
| Meiosis differs from mitosis in that _____ only occurs in meiosis. | crossing over |
| What produces offspring genetically identical to the parent? _____. | Asexual reproduction |
| A human somatic cell contains _____ chromosomes. | 46 |
| Benign tumors differ from malignant tumors in that the cells of a benign tumor _____. | remain confined to their original site |
| Imagine that a human skin cell went through mitosis but did not undergo cytokinesis. How many chromosomes would be in the cell? | 92 |
| Which of the following shows mitosis in the correct chronological order? | prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Immune system cells enter a resting phase after undergoing mitosis. When activated—for example, by an infection—they can reenter the sequence of events in the cell cycle that leads to cell division. What would be the correct sequence of events? | G1, S, G2, M |
| A cell replicates its entire chromosomal DNA only _____. | before it is about to divide |
| Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction _____. | can produce great variation among the offspring |
| During binary fission, one copy of the duplicating chromosome moves to the opposite end of the cell. What does this achieve? | It ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome. |
| If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24 chromosomes, then a grasshopper sperm cell contains ____ chromosomes? | 12 |
| What phase of mitosis is essentailly the opposite of prophase in terms of nuclear changes? | Telophase |
| A biochemist measured the amaount of DNA is cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in a cell doubled between what? | the g1 and g2 phases of the cell cycle |
| What is not a function of mitosis in humans? | The production of gametes from dipolid cells |
| If a dividing cell showed 19 chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids, during which stage of cell division does this happen? | phrophas II of meiosis |
| Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. The chemical would interfere with? | cleavage |
| Why is it difficult to observe individual chromossomes during interphase? | are in the form of long, thin strands |
| A fruit fly somatic cell contains 8 chromosomes. This means that ___ different combinations of chromosomes are possible in its gametes. | 16 |
| If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called? | an inversion |
| Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21, which causes Down Syndrome more numerous than individuals with and extra chromosome 3 or chromosome 16? | Extrax copies of the other chromosomes are probably fatal. |
| Mitosis has how many number of chromosomal duplications? | 1 |
| Meiosis has how many number of chromosomal duplications? | 1 |
| Mitosis has how many number of cell divisions? | 1 |
| Meiosis has how many number of cell divisions? | 2 |
| Mitosis has how many number of daughter cells produced? | 2 |
| Meiosis has how many number of daughter cells produced? | 4 |
| Mitosis has how many number of chromosomes in the daughter cells? | diploid(2n) |
| Meiosis has how many number of chromosomes in the daughter cells? | haploid(n) |
| In Mitosis how do the chromosomes line up during metaphase? | Single formation |
| In Meiosis how do the chromosomes line up during metaphase? | In tetrads |
| In Mitosis what is the genetic relationship of the daughter cells to the parent cell? | Genetically Identical |
| In Meiosis what is the genetic relationship of the daughter cells to the parent cell? | Genetically Unique |
| In Mitosis what are the functions performed in the human body? | Growth, development, & repair |
| In Meiosis what are the functions performed in the human body? | Production of Gamettes |
| During asexual reproduction, yeast cells can produce _____. | genetically identical offspring |
| The term binary fission is best applied to _____. | prokaryotes |
| In bacterial cells, binary fission involves _____. | distribution of a copy of the single parental chromosome to each daughter cell |
| A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. There are _____ chromatids. | 92 |
| Individual chromosomes are usually observed with a light microscope during mitosis, even though cells spend more time in interphase. This is because _____. | the DNA has not been replicated yet |
| What are identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome? | Chromatids |
| DNA replication occurs in which phase of interphase? | the S phase of interphase |
| Chromatids form during what phase? | G1 |
| In the telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in _____. | prophase |
| At which point do centrosomes begin to move apart to the opposite poles of the cell in a dividing human liver cell? | prophase |
| The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is _____. | anaphase |
| During cell division, what role do centrosomes play? | They organize the microtubules. |
| One event occurring during prophase is _____. | the beginning of the formation of the mitotic spindle |
| Single sister chromatids are found in cells at mitotic _____. | anaphase and telophase |
| Which of the following is a correct representation of an event that occurs in mitosis? | metaphase—chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane. |
| Which of the following occurs during mitosis? | Chromatids separate. |
| At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell? | metaphase |
| What refers to the sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes? | Kinetochores |
| In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo mitosis repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would be the consequence of this? | large cells containing many nuclei |
| What refers to the division of the cell outside the nuclear material? | Cytokinesis |
| Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. This chemical would interfere with _____. | formation of a cleavage furrow |
| A cleavage furrow forms in an animal cell during _____. | cytokinesis |
| Which of the following conditions would result in inhibition of cell division due to density-dependent factors? | being completely surrounded by other cells |
| Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in the _____ phase of the cell cycle. | G1 |
| What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor? | Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do. |
| Observations of cancer cells in culture support the hypothesis that cancer cells _____. | do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition |
| The function of mitosis is to produce daughter cells that _____. | are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred) |
| How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? | 22 |
| Which of the following is a normal human female? | XX |
| In humans, the _____ determines the sex of the offspring because _____. | male … the male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome |
| An example of a cell that is 2n is a _____. | somatic cell |
| After fertilization, the resulting zygote begins to divide by _____. | mitosis |
| When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that _____. | its cells each have one set of chromosomes |
| The diploid phase of the human life cycle begins with _____. | fertilization |
| At a critical point in meiosis, the chromosomes do not replicate. This occurs between _____. | telophase I and prophase II |
| At what phase does homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles? | In Anaphase I |
| What is the typical result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? | four haploid cells |
| In a cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing _____ chromosomes. | 5 |
| At the end of telophase I of meiosis, as cytokinesis occurs, there are _____. | two haploid cells |
| Synapsis occurs during _____. | prophase I |
| Sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles during what phase? | Anaphase II |
| Homologues separate and migrate toward opposite poles during which phase? | Anaphase I |
| Crossing over occurs during _____. | prophase I |
| An organism has a haploid chromosome number n = 4. How many tetrads will form during meiosis? | four |
| Which event occurs only during prophase I of the first meiotic division? | Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs. |
| The function of meiosis is to make _____. | four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes |
| Which of the following is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis? | Synapsis occurs. |
| Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of _____; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of _____. | two diploid cells … four haploid cells |
| Variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in _____. | meiosis |
| In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is 23. Independent assortment has the possibility of producing _____ different gametes. | 2 to the 23 power |
| If the diploid number of chromosomes in a certain animal is 6 (2n = 6), there are three sets of two homologous chromosomes each, or three pairs. How do these three pairs align and separate in meiosis? | They align and assort independently to form any of eight different combinations. |
| Consider the two mice shown below. They have the same chromosomes, carrying genes for the same traits in the same loci, but specifying different versions of the same traits—for example, coat and eye color. These chromosomes are called _____. | homologous chromosomes |
| The chromosomal region where the nonsister chromatids are crossing over is called a(n) _____. | chiasma |
| Crossing over occurs during _____. | prophase I |
| Crossing over is important because it _____. | allows the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes |
| Unless the chromosomes were stained to show band patterns, a karyotype would usually be unable to show_____. | an inversion |
| Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21, which causes Down syndrome, more numerous than individuals with an extra chromosome 3 or chromosome 16? | Extra copies of the other somatic chromosomes are probably fatal. |
| Each cell in an individual with Down syndrome contains _____ chromosomes. | 47 |
| During meiosis, homologous chromosomes sometimes "stick together" and do not separate properly. This phenomenon is known as _____. | nondisjunction |
| Down syndrome can be the result of _____. | nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis |
| Which of the following indicates Turner syndrome? | XO |
| If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome at the same place but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called _____. | an inversion |
| The exchange of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes is called _____. | reciprocal translocation |
Created by:
dtgs2010
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