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World Geography
Chapter 3 & 4 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1. Culture | The way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs,and beliefs. |
2. Population density | The average number of people living in a given area. |
3. Birthrate | The number of live births each year per 1,000 people. |
4. Immigrant | A person who moves into a country. |
5. Emigrant | A person who leaves a country |
6. Urbanization | The growth of city populations. |
7. Rural | Of,or characteristic of, the countryside. |
8. Culture Hearth | A place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures. |
9. Cultural Convergence | The contact and interaction of one culture with another. |
10. Diffusion | The process by which people adopt the practices of their neighbors. |
11. Cultural Divergence | The restriction of a culture from outside influences. |
12.Sovereignty | A country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions. |
13.Unitary System | A system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power. |
14.Federation | A government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments. |
15.Confederation | A system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government. |
16.Authoritation | Descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political power. |
17.Dictatorship | A system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person. |
18.Totalitarianism | A system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society. |
19.Monarchy | A system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch_a king , queen, shah, or sultan-whose position is usually inherited. |
20.Democracy | A system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy. |
21.Traditional Economy | An economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods;also Known as a subsistence economy. |
22.Market Economy | An economic system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by law of supply and demand. |
23.Command Economy | An economic system that is controlled by a single central government. |
24.Natural Resource | A material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs. |
25.Renewable Resource | A natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used. |
26.Nonrenewable Resource | A natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used. |
27.Fossil Fuel | Any one of several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel. |
28.Nuclear Energy | A type of energy produced by fission- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor,releasing stored energy. |
29.Water Power | Energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity. |
30.Geothermal Energy | Energy produced from the earth's intense interior heat. |
31.Solar Energy | Energy produced by the sun. |
32.Primary economic qctivity | An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining. |
33.Subsistence farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village. |
34.Commercial farming | The raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets. |
35.Secondary economic activity | An economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of great value. |
36.Cottage industry | A small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near people's homes. |
37.Commercial industry | A large-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods. |
38.Tertiary economic activity | A economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry. |
39.Quaternary economic activity | An economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research. |
40.Export | An item that is sent out of the country for sale. |
41.Import | An item that is brought into the country for sale. |