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Chapter 1

Chapter 1, Introduction to Chemisrty: vocab and key ideas

QuestionAnswer
What is matter? anything that has mass and occupies space. EX: air, trees, water buildings etc.
What is chemistry? the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
Chemistry is also known as what? the central science.
What are five traditional areas of study in chemistry? organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry.
How is organic chemistry defined? organic chemistry is defined as the study of all chemicals containing carbon.
What is the study of chemicals, in general, do not contain carbon? inorganic chemistry.
What is biochemistry the study of? the study of the process that takes place in living organisms.
What is the study that focuses on the the composition of matter? analytical chemistry.
What is physical chemistry? the area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer occurs when matter undergoes a change.
What is pure chemistry? the pursuit of chemical knowledge for it's own sake.
Define applied chemistry. the research that is directed towards a particular goal of application.
List 8 of chemistry's big ideas. 1. chemistry is the central science 2. electrons and the structure of atoms 3. bonding and interactions 4. reactions 5. kinetic theory 6. the mole and quantifying matter 7. mater and energy 8. carbon chemistry
What are reactions? proceses in which reactants produce products. For example, sticking a match (the match head is the reactants and the compounds are the product, fire)
Explain the Kinetic Theory. when the particles in matter are in constant motion. The ways in which these motions vary with changes in temperature, and pressure will determine whether a substance will be a liquid, solid or gas.
How did Lavoisier help transform chemistry? Lavoisier helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement which it is today.
Scientific methodology involves what steps? making observations, proposing and testing hypotheses, and developing theories.
What is an observation? when you use your senses to obtain a question.
What is a hypothesis? a proposed explanation for an observation. Also known as an educated guess, but MUST be testable.
What is an experiment? a procedure to test a hypothesis.
The variable that you change during a experiment is known as what? the independent variable (also called the manipulated variable)
What is the dependent variable? the variable observed during an experiment.
What is a model? a representation of a on object or event.
What is a theory? a well tested explanation for a broad range of observations.
What is a scientific law? a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.
what are three steps for solving numeric problems? analyze, calculate and evaluate.
What are the two steps for solving nonnumerical problems? analyze and solve
Created by: jmhschemistry
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