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Labor History
History of the Labor movement in the U.S.
Information | Answer |
---|---|
In this Massachusetts case in 1842 strikes were found to be legal, but unions were declared illegal | Commonwealth v. Hunt |
Cotten textile mill that produced finished clothing, eliminating the need for cottage industries; hired mostly young girls, separating these girls from their families | Lowell Factory |
First national labor organization; welcomed all wage earners, and demanded equal pay for women; an end to child labor; and an 8 hour day | Knights of Labor |
A combination of unions to represent interests of labor on issues relating to wages, hours, and safety precautions; not as interested in social reform or political radicalism | American Federation of Labor |
Groups used to spy on unions for companies; also called in as strikebreakers | Pinkertons |
Agreements which forced employees to agree not to strike or join a union | Yellow Dog Contracts |
Started at the B & O RR in 1877 and soon spread across the country; for the first time federal troops were used to quell a strike; 100+ strikers killed, but workers had a sense of their power | Great Railroad Strike |
Confrontation between strikers and police at the McCormick Reaper works in Chicago; several protesters shot by police; served to discredit the Knights of Labor | Haymarket Square riot |
One of the most violent strikes in US history against part of the Carnegie Steel Company in protest over wage cuts; Pinkertons opened fire on the strikers, killing and wounding many | Homestead Strike |
Strike led by Eugene V. Debs protesting poor wages at a train car company; Cleveland stopped the strike by granting an injunction against the strikers | Pullman Strike |
The Supreme Court declared that unions were prohibited from setting up boycotts in support of strike; called a boycott a "conspiracy in restraint of trade" in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act | Danbury Hatters Strike |
Strike by the United Mine Workers in 1902 in Pennsylvania that Theodore Roosevelt arbitrated | Anthracite Coal Strike |
A fire at this company killed 141 workers who were locked in the factory and were unable to escape; prodded the government to reform labor laws | Triangle Shirtwaist Co. |
Union of needle-trade workers fought against sweatshops and fought against requirements that workers had to pay for their own equipment | International Ladies' Garment Workers Union |
Law that said that unions had a right to strike and that this would not be considered a "restraint of trade" | Clayton Antitrust Act |
This union, known as the "Wobblies" preached revolution; led a walkout of textile workers into a famous "Bread and Roses" strike | Industrial Workers of the World |
Strikes after WWI fueled fear of anarchism and led to the Red Scare | Coal, steel, and police strikes |
New Deal law that gave workers the right to bargain collectively and created the National Labor Relations Board | Wagner Act |
Established a minimum wage and mandated an eight-hour day and 40-hour work week, banned child and convict labor | Fair Labor Standards Act |
Sit-down strike at a General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan that led to the growth of this union | United Auto Workers Union |
Organization founded by John L. Lewis of the UMW s a union for autoworkers, steelworkers, and electrical workers | Congress of Industrial Organizations |
Law that outlowed a closed shop and permitted the president to call an 80-day cooling off period; vetoed by Truman, but passed over his veto | Taft-Hartley Act |
Laws that outlawed closed unionized shops | "right to work" laws |
Strikers fired by Reagan | Air traffic controllers |