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OB Chapter 13 -
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Apnea | Cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or more |
| Ballard | Method of estimating newborn maturity by physical and neurological characteristics |
| Bradycardia | Heart rate lower than 100 bpm in the newborn |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | Condition that may cause an infant to have a prolonged dependence on a ventilator |
| Circadian rhythm | Sleep pattern |
| Gestational Age | Length of time spent in the uterus |
| Hypoglycemia | Low blood glucose (blood sugar)level |
| Kangaroo Care | Warming an infant by skin to skin contact |
| Kernicterus | Nervous system damage caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood |
| Neutral thermal environment | Control of temp, air, surface temperature, and humidity to minimize an infants oxygen consumption |
| Preterm gestation | Less than 38 weeks of gestation |
| Postterm gestation | More than 42 weeks gestation |
| Sepsis | Generalized infection |
| Surfactant | Lung secretion that facilitates oxygen exchange |
| Term gestation | 38 to 42 weeks gestation |
| Total parenteral nutrition | Provision of full nutrition by the parenteral (IV) route |
| Preterm infants skin | transparent and loose |
| Preterm infants superficial veins | may be seen beneath the abdomen and scalp |
| Preterm infants subcutaneous fat | there is a lack of subcutaneous fat |
| Preterm lanugo | Fine hair covers the forehead, shoulders, and arms |
| Preterm vernix caseosa | Abundant in preterms |
| Preterm sole creases | The soles have few creases |
| Preterm abdomen | Protrudes |
| Preterm nails | Are short |
| Preterm genitalia | Are small, in girls the labia majora may be open |
| Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | Associated with an inadequate quantity of sufactant in the lungs |
| What age is the infant expected to have an adequate quantity of sufactant? | 24 weeks |
| Two signs that may accompany apnea? | 1.) bradycardia (HR less than 100 beats/min) 2.) cynosis |
| What seven factors make the preterm infant more vulnerable to loss of body heat than a term infant. | Lack of brown fat Heat regulation center of brain is immature Sweat glands not functioning to capacity Inactive/weak, cannot shiver Metabolism is high, prone to hypoglycemia Posture of the infant Surface area large in proportion to body weight |
| Hypoglycemia in the term infant is a plasma glucose level of.. | 40 mg/dL |
| Hypoglycemia in the preterm infant is a plasma glucose level of.. | 30 mg/dL |
| Causes of preterm labor | Multiple births, Maternal illness, Hazards of actual pregnancy, Placental abnormalities (placenta previa & Premature separation from the uterine wall, UTSs |
| Respiratory distress syndrome is also known as | Hyaline membrane disease |
| Respiratory distress syndrom (RDS) aka hyaline membrane disease is.. | Result of immature lungs, leads to decreased gas exchange. |
| Surfactant | A fatty protein that is high in lecithin, its presence is necaessary for the the lungs to absorb oxygen |
| When does sufactant being to form? | Begins to form at 24 weeks gestation |
| At what age should the fetus be able to breath adequately? | 34 weeks gestation |
| What percentage of neonates deaths are a result of RDS | 30% |
| Manifestations of RDS | Resp increase to 60 breaths/min or higher, tachypnea maybe be accompanied by gruntlike sounds, nasal flaring, cyanosis, inercostal and sternal retractions. Edema, lassitude, and apnea occur as the condition worsens. |
| Definition of lassitude | fatigue |
| If RDS is found before the woman is in labor what can be done? | The mother may be given corticosteroids to stimulate lung maturity 1 to 2 days before delivery. (betamethasone) |
| What is the treatment for a preterm infant with RDS? | Surfactant can administered via ET tube at birth or when symptoms of RDS occur |
| Surfactant production can be altered by.. | Cold stress, hypoxia, poor tissue perfusion |
| What is the normal temp for a newborn? | 97.8-98.9 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) | Toxic response of lungs to oxygen therapy |
| Apnea in the preterm infant is.. | Not uncommon, believed to be related to immaturity of the nervous system |
| What can a nurse to when an infant has apnea | Back rub, and rub babys feet |
| Definition of apnea | Cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer |
| Sepsis | Generalized infection of the bloodstream |
| Symptoms of sepsis | Low temp, lethargy, poor feeding, resp. distress |
| Treatment of sepsis | IV antimicrobials, maintenance of warmth and nutrition, close monitoring vital signs, help infant conserve as much energy as possible, follow standard precautions |
| What are the signs and symptoms of cold stress? | Decreased skin temp, increased resp rate with periods of apnea, barycardia, mottling of skin, lethargy |
| Why are preterms more at risk for bleeding? | Defcient in prothrombin |
| What is given in the nursery to help with blood clotting? | Vitamin k |
| What is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)? |
Created by:
aashleyy
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