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M6 13-005
Exam 16: Intro to Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Human skeleton is composed of _____ Bones | 206 |
| Functions of the musculoskeletal system include | Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Hematopoiesis (Blood cell formation). |
| Skeletal SUPPORT | the skeleton provides the body framework that supports internal tissues and organs. |
| Skeletal PROTECTION | the skeleton forms a firm, cage-like structure that protects many internal organs. |
| Skeletal MOVEMENT | skeletal muscles are attached to the bone, the bone provides leverage for movement. |
| Skeletal MINERAL STORAGE | the bones serve as a storage area for various mineral particularly calcium and phosphorus. When the body’s intake of these minerals are low, the bones release them. |
| Skeletal HEMATOPOIESIS | blood cell formation that takes place in the bone marrow |
| Structures of the musculoskeletal system include | bones, joints, and muscles |
| Bones are classified based on | shape |
| long bones | found in extremities |
| Short bones | found in the hand |
| Flat bones | found in the skull and sternum |
| Irregular Bones | found in the vertebrae (backbone) |
| What 2 sections can the skeletal system be broken into? | The Axial Skeletal System. The Appendicular System. |
| What 2 important function do joints perform? | 1. hold together bones to form skeleton. 2. Allow movement and flexibility of the skeleton. |
| Points of contact between bones are called | joints |
| what are the 3 types of joints? | Synarthrosis: No movement. Amphoarthrosis: Slight movement. Diarthrosis: Free Movement. |
| Bones and joints provide the framework for the body, but ____ are necessary for movement. | Muscles |
| What 3 vital functions do muscles perform? | 1. Motion. 2. Maintenance of posture. 3. Production of heat (Contraction assist venous blood and lymph back to the right side of the heart). |
| Describe the structure of the muscle. | It is composed of hundreds of muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue called EPIMYSIUM. |
| What are the 7 P's? | Pulselessness. Paresthesia. Paralysis. Polar temperature. Pallor. Puffiness (edema). Pain. |
| in addition to the 7 P's, it is also important to assess your Pt's ability to... | Stand, move, perform, ADLs, any weakness and problems with their gait. |
| Musculoskeletal Diagnostic Tests | X-ray. Myelogram. MRI. CT. Bone Scan. Endoscopic Exam. Aspiration. Electromyogram. |
| X-Ray | used to determine presence of fluid, joint irregularity, or fractures. |
| Myelogram | the injection of a radiopaque dye into the subarachnoid space at the lumbar spine to detect the presence of herniated disks. |
| MRI | Assists in diagnosing abnormalities of the bones, joints, and surrounding soft tissue structures. Uses magnetism and radio waves to make images of cross-sections of the body. |
| CT | body sections can be examined from many different angles using a CT scanner that produces a narrow x-ray beam to create a 3-D picture of the structure |
| Bone Scan | detects metastatic and inflammatory bone disease (osteomyelitis). This test involves the intravenous administration of nuclides 2-3 hours before the test is scheduled. |
| Endoscopic Exam | a lighted tube is used to visualize inside a body cavity; in the case of MS, arthroscopic exam allows for direct visualization of a joint. *NOTE* This is usually a surgical procedure. |
| Aspiration | done to obtain a specimen of body fluid; uses local anesthesia and sterile technique. |
| Electromyogram | a procedure that involves the insertion of needle electrodes into the skeletal muscle so that electrical activity can be recorded. |
| Lab Tests for Musculoskeletal Disorders | Calcium. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Lupus Erythematosus. Rheumatiod Factor. Uric Acid. |
| Calcium Values | Normal: 9-10.5 mg/dl. ↑ with tumor of bone, renal failure, Vitamin D deficiency, etc. |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Values | Males: up to 15 mm/hr. Females: up to 20 mm/hr. Indicates presence of inflammation as seen in rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Lupus Erythematosus values | Normal: No LE seen. Presence may mean Lupus Erythematosus 7 Rheumatoid Arthritis. |
| Rheumatoid Factor Values | <60 Units/ml. Lupus erythematosus & rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Uric Acid Values | Normal vales: Males 2.1-8.5 mg/dl. Females 2.0-6.6 mg/dl. Increases with Pts with gout, Kidney Failure, Alcoholism, and Leukemia. |
Created by:
jtzuetrong
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