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CNS Stimulants

USMLE Step 1

DrugMOA & ADRs
Theophylline MOA:methyxanthine,psychomotor + in tea allows Ca influx,decreased histamine release,PDEI & - adenosine receptors 2 increase cAMP,smooth muscle relaxor on bronchioles esp this class;ADRs:weak diuretic=loss of Na,Cl,& K,enhance HCl=acute erosive gastritis
Theobromine MOA: methylxanthine found in cocoa (i.e. chocolate), psychomotor + act as PDEI to increase amt of Ca, smooth muscle relaxant esp on bronchioles; ADRs: weak diuretic = increased loss of Na,Cl,& K, enhance HCl secretion causing acute erosive gastritis
Caffeine MOA methylxanthine found in coffee & coke,psychomotor stimulant that - cAMP phosphodiesterase 2 increase Ca levels,#1 consumed stimulant in the world(#2 nicotine),low dose cause + cortex & other brain areas,smooth muscle relaxant esp bronchioles
Caffeine ADRs high dose=anxiety,tremors,+ inotropy & chronotropy,very high dose=spinal cord +,lethal dose 100c of coffee(10g of caffeine),weak diuretic=increase loss of Ca,Cl & K,enhance HCl secretion causing acute erosive gastritis,physical dependence,not 4 pregnancy
Nicotine MOA, cigs have 6-8 grams psychomotor +,in tobacco,2nd most abused drug (EtOH #1),highly lipid soluble use PO in2 lungs,GI or skin also crosses placenta & secreted in2 milk,low dose=ganglion+ that increases BP,euphoria,arousal,relax & increased conc,high dose binds up all receptor
Cocaine MOA rapid psychomotor +,reuptake - of NE,5-HT & dopamine,used 4 local anesthesia 4 EENT procedures,powerful + of cortex & BS increase mental awareness & prod feeling of well-being & euphoria,increase motor,ONLY anesthetic causes vasoconstriction,smoking free
Amphetamine MOA psychomotor + similar 2 cocaine effects,release intracellular catecholamine stores & MAOI,good @ releasing high amts of DA,used 4 depression,ADD,appetite control & narcolepsy,+ entire cerebrospinal axis,cortex,BS & medulla,increase alertness
CNS Stimulants 2 categories 1) psychomotor stimulants & 2) psychotomimetic (e.g. LSD, PCP, THC-look @ hallucinogen cards)
Nicotine ADRs tolerance in days,lethal dose 60g,irritability & tremors,intestinal cramps,diarrhea,increased HR & BP,increased metabolism of other drugs,w/drawl c/o irritability,anxiety,restlessness,difficulty conc,headache,insomnia,increased appetite & GI pain
Cocaine ADRs highly addictive,tremors,convulsions,hallucinations,delusions,paranoia,fatal arrhythmias,MIs,chronic use depletes DA stores=depression & cravings,cocaine w/drawl=suicide,headache,tachy,sweating,depression,HF,seizure,very high risk of OD & dependence
Amphetamine ADRs insomnia,high dose cause seizure,euphoria longer than coke,no tolerance 2 CNS toxicity,but tolerance 2 euphoria starts w/in wks,irritability,tremor,hyperactive reflex,confusion,panic states,suicide,amphetamine psychosis,arrhythmias,headache,sweating,n/v/d
Created by: jerrica_08
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