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Vibration Analysis 1

Level 1 Certification Chapter 2

Question	Answer
What is the most basic form of vibration?	Simple harmonic motion
Condition monitoring has two conditions. What are they?	Determine whether the machine is running in a stable condition, and convey the condition to the appropriate people so that decisions can be made concerning maintenance.
True or False-Condition monitoring and predictive maintenance should be used interchangeably.	False. Condition monitoring is the act of determining the condition of a machine. Predictive maintenance involves taking action based on the condition.
How does plant equipment tell us what's wrong with them?	Through changes in vibration, temperature, lubricants, sound, and motor current.
The best picture of a machine's health is arrived at when?	When all condition monitoring tests are performed.
Condition monitoring tests can provide information that indicate what?	They indicate situations that can cause problems, but may not be causing any problems as of yet.
A condition monitoring program is most effective when?	When there are previous results to compare to and data available to use as a reference.
In reference to vibration analysis, what does all rotating machinery have in common	They all vibrate.
Fault conditions detectable with vibration analysis include:	bearing problems Unbalance Misalignment Looseness Soft Foot Electrical Faults Eccentric Motors Belt coupling problems gear mesh broken rotor bars
Rotating equipment and other plant assets emit what type of sounds that provide clues to potential problems	High frequency
Ultrasound testing is useful for	Finding air leaks. Finding steam leaks Detecting lubrication problems proper lubrication detecting electrical faults finding flow problems in pipes and valves.
The human ear can detect sound in the sonic frequency range of	20 to 20,000 HZ
Frequency above 20,000 HZ are considered what?	Ultrasonic frequency
The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure a signal and then what?	heterodyne it (demodulate it) to a frequency range within the human hearing range.
What are the most expensive utility leaks in manufacturing?	Air leaks
Turbulence from leaks creates?	white noise with a strong ultrasonic component.
What is may occur while repairing an old air leak?	A new leak may be created, so document everything.
Scan for external pressure or vacuum leaks in what type of equipment?	Boilers, heat exchangers, condensers, all pipe connections, flanges, seals, and access doors.
What is considered a top choice in electrical inspections of transmission, distribution lines, substation inspections, switch gear, transformers, corona, arcing and tracking, radio and television interference faults.	Ultrasonic testing (sounds associated with frying, popping, buzzing, and humming are characteristic of these faults.
When trending the condition of a bearing during ultrasonic testing what is the rule of thumb regarding RMS level increase?	an increase of 10DB from its baseline.
What two types of devices are commonly used in the IR industry	spot radiometers and infrared cameras.
True or False: The further you are from a target when measuring with a spot radiometer, the larger the area used to determine the temperature.	True.
When measuring IR actual temperatures indicated may be incorrect because of what?	Because of surface type, air flow, etc.
True or False: IR cameras do not see temperature. Temperature is calculated from inputs and by the user in the camera or software.	True
Which is more useful in most applications relative temperature or absolute temperature	relative temperature
In what applications is IR typically used in?	Mechanical, Machines, pipes,bearings, belts, electrical, overhead lines, transformers, motors, control panels, steam systems, piping, steam traps, refractory plant.
The IR camera looks at radiated electromagnetic energy from the first _______ of the surface.	1/1000(one mil)
Heat is transferred in three ways, what are they?	Radiated or emitted heat, conduction, and convection heat.
The IR camera detects heat in what three ways?	Emitted heat, reflected heat, transmitted heat.
What is emitted heat?	Emitted heat is the heat radiated from an object as infrared energy.
The black body has an emissivity value of what?	1.0
What is emissivity?	It is the term used to describe the ratio of the energy emitted by an object compared to the energy emitted by a black body at the same temperatures.
What is required to generate reliable IR measurements?	emissivity must be greater than.6 The background must be known or controlled. There must be controlled or no wind.
True or False: If there is wind, even relative temperatures will be inaccurate.	True
True of False: IR is a good early earning indicator of bearing wear.	False. It is not.
What are the main equipment components in most plants?	Electric motors
What can be used to detect mechanical problems in motors?	Ultrasonics, IR, and vibration monitoring
What two categories define the types of electrical motor testing?	Static offline tests Dynamic on line tests
What types of motor testing is performed off line?	winding resistance, meg-ohm, polarization index, high potential, surge testing.
What types of motor testing is performed online?	Winding shorts between coils Winding contamination Insulation to ground faults rotor faults, casting voids, and broken rotor bars. vibration testing for rotor bars faults Current analysis with clamp-broken rotor bars. Flux coil- uneven flux field
What does oil analysis indicate?	lubricants ability to do its job. contaminates such as water or dirt. metal in the oil that is an early indication of wear.
What type of tests are performed during an oil analysis?	Oil bath (measures viscosity), RDE spectroscopy (measures elemental concentration), FT-IR (degradation, contamination, additive depletion)
What are some advantages of oil analysis	detects normal wear particles up to 6-10 microns. Determines lubricant additive depletion. Detects fluid contamination.
What are some disadvantages of oil analysis?	Doesn't detect the onset of abnormal wear. Doesn't detect the source of wear(bearings,gears,, seals, rings,etc.) Doesn't provide information regarding machine condition.
What are some other tests that can be performed in addition to an oil analysis?	Visual analysis such as checking vent breathers for old or blowing vapors, levels in sight glasses, leaks, moisture in water, dark oil samples due to oxidation.
What provides accurate insight into a machine's condition?	wear particle analysis
Wear particle analysis is complimentary to what other condition monitoring technique?	vibration analysis
When inspecting your gearbox always ensure that ___________________.	vents, breathers,and seals are working properly.
Define adhesive wear.	Occurs when two metal surfaces come in contact allowing particles to break away from their components.
What is adhesive wear caused by?	Insufficient lubrication, contaminated lubrication, and lubrication with the proper viscosity rating.
Controlling foaming in a gear box can prevent what negative characteristic?	cavitation
What is used to control foaming in gearboxes?	anti-foaming additive
What is corrosive wear caused by?	It caused by a chemical reaction that actually removes material from a component surface.
Corrosive wear can be a direct result of?	Acidic oxidation.
welding and pitting of wear surface is what type of corrosive wear?	Random electrical current
Abrasive particles lodged in a soft surface is what type of particle wear?	Cutting wear
Cracking that develops in the components surface that allows the generation and removal of particles is called?	Fatigue wear
True or False: Sliding wear is caused by equipment stress	True
The wear metal is aluminum, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings, blocks, blowers, bushings, clutches, pistions, pumps, rotors, washers
The wear metal is chromium, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings, pumps, rings, rods
The wear metal is Copper, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings, bushings, clutches, pistions, pumps, washers
The wear metal is Iron, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings, blocks, crankshafts, cylinders, discs, gears, pistons, pumps, shafts
The wear metal is lead, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings
The wear metal is nickel, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings, shafts, valves
The wear metal is silver, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings, bushings, solder
The wear metal is tin, what would be its possible origin as it relates to partical wear?	Bearings, bushings, pistons
Before you can develop prevention techniques to deter failure modes what must be performed.	Risk analysis

Created by: davidkintner

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