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Stack #128312
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemistry | the study of what substances are made up of and how one substance can be changed into another |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has weight |
| weight | a measure of the pull of gravity on an object |
| mass | the amount of matter that makes up an object |
| density | the amount of matter in one unit of volume |
| atom | a tiny particle from which all substances are composed; the smallest particle of an element |
| nucleus | a tiny, extremely dense core of an atom |
| electron | one of the tiny particles that circle around the nucleus of an atom |
| neutrons | a particle that helps make up the nucleus of an atom |
| protons | a positively charged particle that helps make up the nucleus of an atom |
| neutral | anything lacking in electric charge |
| electron cloud | the cloudlike shield around an atom's nucleus formed by the atoms fast moving elecons; prevents other atoms from moving into the same space |
| shell | a group of electrons in an atom that orbit at roughly the same distance from the nucleus |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom |
| element | a substance that is composed of only one type of atom |
| compound | a substance that is composed of more than one type of atom, bonded together |
| periodic table of the elements | a chart constructed by Dmitri Mendeleev to arrange the elements in such a way as to group similar elements together |
| metals | a large group of elements that are typically shinny, with a silvery color and are good conductors of electricity |
| nonmetals | the elements in the periodic table that are not classified as metals or semi-metals |
| halogens | elements in the 7th column of the periodic table such as flourine and chlorine that show a special tendency to form compounds with alkali and alkaline earth metals |
| sublime | to turn directly from a solid into a gas |
| noble gases | the elements in the last column of the periodic table such as helium and argon; they do not combine with anything else except under unusual circumstances |
| molecule | a tiny group of two or more atoms that are bonded tightly together |
| molecular compound | a compound composed of individual molecules |
| crystal | a geometric arrangement of atoms |
| ionic compound | a compound composed of charged atoms or groups of atoms |
| mixture | the atoms are not connected, but just around each other |
| chemical reaction | a process in which a atoms of elements or compounds are rearranged to form new substances |
| combustion | a chemical reation in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen |
| plutonium | the transuranium element that is most abundant |
| osmium | a metal that is the densest element |
| mercury | the only metal that is liquid at room temperature |
| bromine | brown halogen that is liquid a ordinary room temperatures and pressures; used as an ingredient in photographic film |
| oxygen and nitrogen | the most abundant nonmetal gases in the atmosphere |
| iodine | a nonmetal and halogen that is a purple solid at room temperature |
| diamond | a hard crystaline formed of carbon that is the hardest of all known minerals |
| chromium | metal - often applied to polished steel to protect it from rusting and give the steel a mirrorlike surface; commonly known as chrome |
| zinc | metal - used to galvanize steel; commonly made into such items as chainlink fences, trash cans, roofing nails, and car bodies; an ingredient in flashlight batteries |
| nickel | metal - a very hard metal that is an important ingredient in stainless steel and rechargeable batteries; also used as a lining for tanks holding corrosive chemicals |
| lead | metal - the densest of everyday metals; used in car and trunk batteries and to make wheel weights and firearms ammunition |
| hydrogen | nonmetal - the very first element in the periodic table; a colorless and odorless gas at room temperature |
| two forms of carbon | diamond and graphite |
| sulfur | nonmetal element that is an odorless yellow solid at room temperature; called brimstone in the Bible |
| phosphorus | nonmetal element that is a waxlike solid with two forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus; compounds of phosphorus and oxygen known as phosphates are used as fertilizer and food preservatives |
| silicon | a gray semimetal that in pure form is used to make computer chips and an ingredient in common sand, the mineral quartz, and glass |
| sodium and potassium | alkali metals - common in the rocks, soils and oceans of the earth |
| calcium | a silver gray element that is the most common alkaline earth metal, an ingredie in limestone, cement, teeth, and bones |
| magnesium | an alkaline earth metal that is strong but light weight and is used for parts in airplanes and some cars |
| fluorine | a gaseous nonmetal and halogen with many imortant uses |
| chlorine | a gaseous nonmetal that is most widely used halogen |
| helium | a noble gas that replaced hydrogen as the gas with which to fill balloons because it is unreactive |
| argon | the most plentiful of the noble gases; commonly used as a filler in incandescent light bulbs |
| neon | an element and noble gas that is commonly used in "neon signs" |
Created by:
kbtarheelgirl