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Anti-viral

USMLE Step 1

DrugMOA & ADRs
Amantadine MOA:- coating by bind to M2 matrix protein, used to tx influenza A,only effective if used w/in 48 hrs of sx onset,no longer recommended in the US due to enormous resistance that has developed
Interferons MOA: - viral RNA translation, + MHC-1 expression increasing the body's sensitivity twds & ability to eradicate viral infected cells, used to tx leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma, genital warts, chronic hepatitis B & C, hairy cell leukemia
Ribavirin MOA: guanosine analog (GTP) acts like a mimic & blocks viral mRNA synthesis, DOC for RSV infections in children and chronic HCV
Acyclovir MOA: guanine analog (GTP) cause - of DNA polymerase & premature DNA chain termination thus - DNA replication, depends on viral thymidine kinase, used to tx HSV-1 (herpes), HSV-2, & Epstein Barr virus, VZV (varicella), does penetrate the BBB
Vidarabine MOA: adenosine analog (ATP) incorporates into DNA - synthesis, used to tx all Herpes grp viruses (keratitis, encephalitis) & VZV in immunocompromised pts
Idoxuridine MOA: thymidine analog (TTP) incorporates into viral DNA - DNA synthesis, used for Herpes simplex keratitis (cornea)
Ganciclovir MOA: like acyclovir but doesnt require thymidine kinase, used for CMV; ADRs: bone marrow suppression, resulting in neutropenia
Zidovudine aka AZT MOA: thymidine analog (TTP) - DNA synthesis after being incorporated, used for HIV prophylaxis in pregnancy where mom is HIV +, good BBB penetration, its a nucleoside reverse transcriptase -
Saquinavir MOA: protease inhibitor that - cleavage of the gag-pol-env polyprotein -> noninfectious virus particles, used for HIV
Rimantadine MOA:- coating by bind to M2 matrix protein, used to tx influenza A,only effective if used w/in 48 hrs of sx onset
Valacyclovir aka Valtrex MOA: guanine analog (GTP) cause - of DNA polymerase & premature DNA chain termination thus - DNA replication, depends on viral thymidine kinase, used to tx HSV-1 (herpes), HSV-2, & Epstein Barr virus, VZV (varicella), does penetrate the BBB, longer T 1/2
Nevirapine MOA: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that - reverse transcriptase,used in management of HIV infection
Delavirdine MOA: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that - reverse transcriptase,used in management of HIV infection
Efavirenz MOA: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that - reverse transcriptase,used in management of HIV infection
Enfuvirtide MOA:work to prevent the fusion b/t the HIV virion & the cell,binds to gp41;ADRs:increases the risk for bacterial pneumonia,most common side effects are insomnia,headache & nausea
Raltegravir MOA: - HIV viral integrase enzyme, preventing integration & insertion of HIV DNA into human DNA
Chemokine co-receptor antagonists MOA:block the CCR5 co-receptor on WBCs targeted by HIV,approved for use in CCR5-tropic HIV-1 that has also demonstrated multi-drug resistance
Zanamivir MOA:- neuraminidase to tx influenza A & B,used for prophylax close contacts of infected persons and to attenuate early disease
Oseltamivir MOA:- neuraminidase to tx influenza A & B,used for prophylax close contacts of infected persons and to attenuate early disease
Foscarnet MOA: direct - of both DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase, used in cases of ganciclovir-resistant CMV, as well as acyclovir- & ganciclovir-resistant VZV & HSV, works vs. HIV; ADRs: nephrotoxic
Valganciclovir MOA: alternate drug for tx of CMV retinitis; ADRs: causes bone marrow suppression and contraindicated in ganciclovir allergy
Didanosine (ddl) MOA: thymidine analog (TTP) - DNA synthesis after being incorporated, used for HIV prophylaxis in pregnancy where mom is HIV +, good BBB penetration, its a nucleoside or reverse transcriptase -
Stavudine (d4T) MOA:thymidine analog (TTP) - DNA synthesis after being incorporated, used for HIV prophylaxis in pregnancy where mom is HIV +,good BBB penetration,its a nucleoside or reverse transcriptase -;ADRs:dont use w/ AZT or didanosine cause fatalities in pregnancy
Lamivudine (3TC) MOA:MOA: thymidine analog (TTP) - DNA synthesis after being incorporated, used for HIV prophylaxis in pregnancy where mom is HIV +, good BBB penetration, its a nucleoside or eeverse transcriptase -, used in tx of chronic HBV infection
Ritonavir MOA: protease inhibitor that - cleavage of the gag-pol-env polyprotein -> noninfectious virus particles, used for HIV
Indinavir MOA: protease inhibitor that - cleavage of the gag-pol-env polyprotein -> noninfectious virus particles, used for HIV
Nelfinavir MOA: protease inhibitor that - cleavage of the gag-pol-env polyprotein -> noninfectious virus particles, used for HIV
Amprenavir MOA: protease inhibitor that - cleavage of the gag-pol-env polyprotein -> noninfectious virus particles, used for HIV
Created by: jerrica_08
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