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chapter 20 & 21
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Base | Compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
Hydroxide ion (OH) | water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion ecomes a positively charged hydronium ion ion (h3o) |
self-ionization | two water molecules produces ions of water to become changed into the form of ions, as by dissolving. |
ion product constant for water | The product of the concentrations of the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in water |
acidic solution | |
acid | compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
natural solution | pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution |
Basic solution | one in which [H+] is less than [OH-]. Therefore, the [H+] of a basic solution is less than 1.0 X 10"7M |
Monoprotic acids | acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen such as nitric acid |
diprotic acids | two ionizable hydrogens sulfuric acid |
triprotic acids | phosphoric acid |
hydrogen-ion donor | an acid according to bronsted lowry theory |
hydrogen - ion acceptor | Any substance that is capable of becoming reduced and accepting hydrogen atoms |
conjugate base | the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion oh- is the conjugate base of acid water |
conjugate acid | the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion |
conjugate acid base pair | two substances that are related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion oh- is the conjugate acid-base pair |
amphoteric | a substance that can be act as both an acid and a base, water is amphoteric |
Lewis acid | any substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond |
Lewis base | any substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond |
strong acids | an acid that is completely ionized in aqueous solution |
weak acids | an acid that is only slightly ionized in aqueous solution |
acid dissociation constant | the ratio of the concentration of the dissociated form of an acid to the undissociated from stronger acids have larger k values than weaker acids |
strong bases | a base that completetely dissociates into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution |
weak base | a base that does not dissociated completely in aqeous solution |
base dissociation constant | the ratio of the concentration of the dissociated form of a base to the undissocited form |
neutralization reactions | a reaction in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water |
standard solution | a solution of known concentration used in carrying out a titration |
titration | method used to determine the concentration of a solution |
end point | the point in a titration at which netrutrazation is achieved |
equivalent | the amount of an acid that can give one mole of hydrogen ions |
gram equivalent mass | the mass of one equivalent of a substance |
normality (N) | the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of equivalents of solute in 1 litter of solution |
equlvance point | the point in a titration at which the number of equivalents of acid and base are equal |
ph | pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration |
ph meters |