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Chapter 8 - Terms
Terminology - muscular system, defining terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
abductor | muscles that move a part away from the midline |
adductor | muscles that move a part towards the midline |
electromyography | recording of the electrical characteristics of muscle |
atonic | a muscle that has no tone or tension; atony |
dystonia | abnormal muscle tone or tension |
myotonia | inability of the muscle to relax after increased muscular contraction |
tonic | pertaining to tone; tension |
fascial | pertaining to the fascia |
fasciectomy | excision of fascia |
fasciitis | inflammation of fascia |
fascitis | inflammation of fascia |
fasciorrhaphy | suturing the fascia |
kinesiology | study of movement |
kinesimeter | instrument used to measure movement |
leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle |
leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle |
muscular | pertaining to the muscle |
musculoskeletal | pertaining to the muscle and skeleton |
electromyogram | record of the electrical currents in a muscle |
fibromyalgia | pain in fibrous tissues muscles, tendons, and ligaments |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myopathy | any muscular disease |
myositis | inflammation of muscle |
polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
rhabdomyoma | benign tumor of striated muscle |
rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of striated muscle tissue |
tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon |
tendinous | pertaining to a tendon |
tenodesis | surgical fixation of a tendon |
tenotomy | cutting of a tendon |
tenosynovitis | inflammation of a tendon sheath |
myasthenia | no muscle strength |
myoclonus | alternate muscular relaxation and contraction in rapid succession |
abduction | process of drawing away from; opposite of adduction |
adduction | process of drawing toward; opposite of abduction |
circumduction | process of drawing a part in a circular motion |
dorsiflexion | bending the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward); opposite of plantar flexion |
plantar flexion | bending the ankle joint so that the foot bends toward the sole of the foot |
extension | to stretch out; stretching out of a limb; increasing the angle between two bones; opposite of flexion |
flexion | bending a limb ; decreasing the angle between two bones; opposite of extension |
pronation | as applied to the hand, process of turning the palm backward; opposite of supination |
supination | as applied to the hand, the process of turning the palm forward; opposite of pronation |
bradykinesia | slow movement |
dyskinesia | impairment of muscle movement |
hyperkinesia | excessive movement |
atrophy | wasting away of the muscle |
dystrophy | abnormal developement, especially muscular dystrophy |
hypertrophy | enlargement of an organ due to an increase in the size of cells |
diathermy | heat applied to deep tissues |