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Marketing Test
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Price | the amount of money charged for a product or service; the sum of values that customers exchange for the benefits of the product or service |
price ceiling | keeping the price as high as possible |
price flooring | keeping the price the same as or lower than the competitor's |
value-based pricing | starts with the customer and ends with the product |
cost-based pricing | starts with the product and ends with the customer |
price elasticity | the change in demand with the change in price |
cost-plus pricing | whatever it takes to promote the product |
break-even pricing | no profit |
market skimming | when you price it high, you can skim profits off your product |
market penetration pricing | start at the bottom and trickle up |
product line pricing | setting prices across an entire product line |
optional-product pricing | pricing optional or accessory products sold with the main product |
captive-product pricing | pricing products that must be used with the main product |
by-product pricing | pricing low-value by-products to get rid of them |
product bundle pricing | pricing bundles of products sold together |
discount and allowance pricing | reducing prices to reward customer responses such as paying early or promoting the product |
segmented pricing | adjusting prices to allow for differences in customers, products, or locations |
psychological pricing | adjusting prices for psych. effect |
promotional pricing | temporarily reducing prices to increase short-run sales |
geographical pricing | adjusting prices to account for the geographic location of customers |
dynamic pricing | adjusting prices continually to meet the characteristics and needs of individual customers and situations |
international pricing | adjusting prices for international markets |
price fixing | talking with competitors to set prices |
predatory pricing | selling below cost with the intention of punishing a competitor or putting them out of business |
price discrimination | ensure same price to customers at given level of trade |
price maintenance | requiring dealers to charge a specific retail price |
deceptive pricing | seller states price that may mislead customers |
product | anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need |
services | products that are intangible and do not result in the ownership of anything |
consumer products | products bought by final consumer for personal consumption |
social marketing | the use of commercial marketing concepts and tools to influence individuals' behavior to improve their well-being |
brand | identifies the maker or seller of a product or service |
product line | group of products that are closely related because they function in a similar manner |
intangibility | services cannot be sensed before purchase |
variability | quality depends on who provides them and how they provide it |
inseparability | services cannot be separated from their providers |
perishability | services cannot be stored for later sale or use |
service profit chain | the chain that links service firm profits with employee and customer satisfaction |
advertising | paid, nonpersonal |
sales promotion | short-term incentives |
personal selling | purpose is to make sales and build relationships |
public relations | build good relations with the public |
direct marketing | purpose is to obtain immediate response and build relationships |
affordable method | setting the promotion budget at the level management thinks the company can afford |
percentage-of-sales method | setting the promotion budget at a certain percentage of current or forecasted asles or as a percentage of the unit sales price |
competitive-parity method | setting the promotion budget to match competitors' outlays |
objective-and-task method | defining specific objectives, determining the tasks that must be performed to achieve these objectives, and estimated the costs of performing these tasks |
return on advertising investment | the net return on advertising investment divided by the costs of the advertising investment |
personal selling | personal presentation by the firm's sales force for the purpose of making sales and building customer relationships |
sales promotion | short-term incentives that encourage purchase or sales of a product or service |