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E.S. Chapter 30

QuestionAnswer
chromosphere layer of the Sun's atmosphere above the photosphere. Usually only visible during a solar eclipse.
corona top layer of the Sun's atmosphere. Extends several million km from the chronosphere . Has temperatures ranging from 1 -2 million K.
fission splitting of heavy atomic nuclei into smaller, lighter atomic nuclei. Occurs on Earth
fusion combining of lightweight atomic nuclei into heavier nuclei. Occurs on the sun, not on earth.
photosphere lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere. The visible surface of the sun. Most of the light from the sun comes from here.
prominence Arc of gas ejected from the chromosphere. Associated with sunspots.
solar flare violent eruptions from the Sun's surface. Associated with sunspots. Often leave the surface of the sun and are part of the solar winds that can affect Earth.
solar wind Charged particles (ions) that leave the sun's corona at great speeds to travel through the solar system.
sunspot Dark spots found on the surface of the photosphere associated with cooler regions on the Sun's surface. Located in spots where the sun's magnetic field pokes through the photosphere.
absolute magnitude Brightness an object appears at 10 parsecs from Earth. Lower the number the brighter the star
apparent magnitude How bright a star appears to be. From the early Greeks. Lower the number the brighter the star.
binary star Two stars gravitationally bound and orbit a common center of mass.
constellation Grouping of stars, Could be animals, common objects, mythological characters.
H-R diagram Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Demonstrates mass, luminosity, temperature and diameter of stars as they relate to each other.
luminosity energy out put of a star per second.
main sequence About 90% of all stars. Run from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of an H-R diagram.
parallax An apparent shift in position of a star due to the shift in position of the observer.
black hole Small, extremely dense object that is left after a large star collapses. Because of its gravity, not even light can escape. Perhaps found in the center of galaxies.
nebula cloud of dust and gas between the stars (interstellar)
neutron star Occurs after the collapse of a star. Neutron's resistance to being squeezed halts the collapse of the core. Incredible density. 1 t = a ton.
protostar Disk shape that forms in the center of a nebula that will become a new star.
supernova Huge explosion created as a star is falling inward. Creates elements heavier than iron and enriches the universe.
Created by: jljohnson404
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