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ch. 17-18 chem. eq.
chem equilibrium and stuff
Question | Answer |
---|---|
reaction mechanism | a series of steps that leads from reactants to products |
elementary step | an individual step of a reaction mechanism |
intermediates | products produced in one step of a reaction that serve as reactants in a later step |
Collision theory | particles must collide w/ eachother or a wall in order to react |
effective collision | a collision that leads to the formation of products |
ineffective collision | collision forms no products |
factors for effective collisions | orientation of particles & energy of colliding particles |
what are most collisions? | ineffective |
activation energy | energy needed for effective collisions, the difference bw energy of the activated complex & reactants |
chemical kinetics | study of rates @ which reactions occur |
activated complex | the transition structure when energy level is greatest, unstable |
things that impact reaction rate | T-the higher, the greater the rate Concentration-inc , inc surface area-inc-inc catalyst-lowers Ea, lower reaction rate inhibitors-raise Ea, slow reaction |
avg. reaction rate (mols/sec) | change in concentration of reactants or products per time lapsed |
reaction rate law | equation that relates the reacting rate to the concentration of substances; R=k*(A)^x(b)^y |
reaction order | reaction concentration exponent |
overall reaction order | the sum of the reactant orders |
rate determining step | the slowest elementary step of the reaction mechanism |
chem. equilibrium | forward rate of reaction=reverse rate of reaction |
chem. equilibrium law | reversible reactions proceed to equilibrium w/ a specific ratio of product and reactant concentrations |
if the equilibrium constant is a lot less than 1, what does the reaction favor? | reactants |
if the equilibrium constant is a lot more than 1. what does the reaction favor? | products |
Chatelier's principle | when stress is imposed on a system at equilibrium, it will cause the equilibrium to shift in a direction that reduces the stress |
factors that alter chem equilibrium: | concentration, pressure/volume, T |
precipitation | the process of aqueous ions reforming a solid |
dissociation | process of solid separating into aqueous ions |
solubility equilibrium | chem equilibrium bw a saturated solution of ions and the remaining solid |
solubility product | product of concentrations of each ion raised to the powers of their coefficients |
Ion product Q | used to determine if reaction is at equilibrium |
common ion effect | when 2 solutes share a common ion, you must consider the combined concentrations of the ion |