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Japanese E-2 CH10 Gr
Japanese E-2 CH10 Grammar
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Expressing order within a family | 番（目） converts cardinal numbers into ordinal numbers, and is used to describe order in the family. |
| Expressing order within a family, oldest | 一番上 |
| Expressing order within a family, second oldest | 上から二番目 |
| Expressing order within a family, right in the middle | まんなか |
| Expressing order within a family, second youngest | 下から二番目 |
| Expressing order within a family, youngest | 一番下 |
| Expressing order within a family, only child | ひとりっこ |
| Expressing order within a family, pronunciation | regular, same pattern as the counter ～まい. |
| Describing a resultant state | use て - form + いる to describe a state (of being) that is the result of a past action. |
| Describing a resultant state, example | めがねをかける means to put on glasses. めがねをかけている means to be wearing classes as a result of putting them on. |
| Describing a resultant state, past form | ～ていました describes a (resultant) state at a specified time in the past. |
| Describing a resultant state, past form, example | やくさんたべて、 ふとりました。 Similar resultant state sentence: 私は小さいとき、 ふとっていました。 |
| Describing a resultant state, additional usage | can be used to describe someone who wears something habitually. |
| Describing a resultant state, additional usage, example | 田中さんはよくジーンスをはいています。 |
| Describing a resultant state, a couple specific cases | すむ and つとめる are generally used with ～ている. The particle に is used to indicate a location, company, or organization. |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses | A noun may be modified by another noun, an adjective, or a modifying clause. |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, position | The modifier always comes before the noun. |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, plain form usages | verbs, and the negative form of adjectives and the copula verb |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, noun example, affirmative | ブロンドのかみ |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, noun example, negative | 日本のくるまじゃないくるま |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, な adjective example, affirmative | きれいな家 |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, な adjective example, negative | きれいじゃない |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, な adjective example, が descriptive phrase, affirmative | りょうりが上手な人 |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, な adjective example, が descriptive phrase, negative | そうじが上手じゃない人 |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, い adjective example, affirmative | 小さいくつ |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, い adjective example, negative | 小さくないくつ |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, い adjective example, が descriptive phrase, affirmative | かみがながい人 |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, い adjective example, が descriptive phrase, negative | かみがなくない人 |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, verb example, が descriptive phrase, affirmative | えい語が分かる人 |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, verb example, affirmative | 新聞をよく読む |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, resultant state example, affirmative | けっこんしている |
| Describing people and things using nouns and modifying clauses, resultant state example, negative | けっこんしていない |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます | expresses opinions about things or events |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます, subject | the subject of おもう, the speaker, is often omitted, but can be specified for emphasis to clarify the context. |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます, form | plain form, だ, not な |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます, someone else's opinion | おもっている instead of おもう |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます, information questions | use a question word and end the sentence with か |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます, asking for a general impression or opinion | ～をどうおもいますか |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます, expressing wish or intention, rule 1 | cannot express the speaker's wish or intention without an additional suffix attached to the verb. Learned in Nakama 2. |
| Expressing opinions with ～とおもいます, expressing wish or intention, rule 2 | ～たいとおもいます to express a wish is often used instead of たいです in a conversation, because it sounds softer and more polite. |
Created by:
ncommons
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